Polysaccharides from Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. leaves alleviates alcohol-induced mouse brain injury and BV-2 microglial dysfunction.

Acute alcohol intoxication is a harmful clinical condition characterized by behavioral and neurological symptoms, for which few effective therapies are available at present. Dysfunction of microglial BV-2 cells has been reported to be associated with acute alcohol-induced brain injuries. In the present study, the protective effects of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.

Hyperspectral imaging combined with blood oxygen saturation for in vivo analysis of small intestinal necrosis tissue.

Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is a clinically significant vascular and gastrointestinal condition, which is closely related to the blood supply of the small intestine. Unfortunately, it is still challenging to properly discriminate small intestinal tissues with different degrees of ischemia. In this study, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) was used to construct pseudo-color images of oxygen saturation about small intestinal tissues and to discriminate different degrees of ischemia.

Polysaccharides from Oliv. Leaves Alleviate Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury by Modulating the Microbiota-Gut-Liver Axis in Mice.

The interplay among gut microbiota, intestines, and liver is crucial in preventing acute alcoholic liver injury. In this study, the hepatoprotective potential of polysaccharides from Oliv. leaves (EULP) on acute alcoholic liver injury in Kunming male mice was investigated.

Polystyrene microplastics with absorbed nonylphenol induce intestinal dysfunction in human Caco-2 cells.

Due to the massive production and use of plastic, the chronic and evolving exposure to microplastics in our daily lives is omnipresent. Nonylphenol (NP), a persistent organic pollutant, may change toxicity when it co-exists with microplastics. In this study, polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs), either alone or with pre-absorbed NP, generated oxidative stress and inflammatory lesions to Caco-2 cells, as well as affecting proliferation via the MAPK signaling pathway and causing apoptosis.

Polystyrene nanobeads exacerbate chronic colitis in mice involving in oxidative stress and hepatic lipid metabolism.

Background: Nanoplastics (NPs) are omnipresent in our lives as a new type of pollution with a tiny size. It can enter organisms from the environment, accumulate in the body, and be passed down the food chain. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a nonspecific intestinal inflammatory disease that is recurrent and prevalent in the population.

Automatic detection of ischemic necrotic sites in small intestinal tissue using hyperspectral imaging and transfer learning.

Acquiring large amounts of hyperspectral data of small intestinal tissue with real labels in the clinic is difficult, and the data shows inter-patient variability. Building an automatic identification model using a small dataset presents a crucial challenge in obtaining a strong generalization of the model. This study aimed to explore the performance of hyperspectral imaging and transfer learning techniques in the automatic identification of normal and ischemic necrotic sites in small intestinal tissue.

Alcohol induces apoptosis and autophagy in microglia BV-2 cells.

Alcohol (ethanol) has proven to be toxic to nearly all organs, with the brain being one of the principal targets. As one of the important components of the brain's blood-brain barrier (BBB) and central nervous system, the state of microglia may be associated with some symptoms of alcohol intoxication. In the present study, microglia BV-2 cells were exposed to various concentrations of alcohol for 3 or 12 h, imitating different stages of drunkenness after alcohol use, respectively.

Discrimination between normal and necrotic small intestinal tissue using hyperspectral imaging and unsupervised classification.

Objective and automatic clinical discrimination of normal and necrotic sites of small intestinal tissue remains challenging. In this study, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) and unsupervised classification techniques were used to distinguish normal and necrotic sites of small intestinal tissues. Small intestinal tissue hyperspectral images of eight Japanese large-eared white rabbits were acquired using a visible near-infrared hyperspectral camera, and K-means and density peaks (DP) clustering algorithms were used to differentiate between normal and necrotic tissue.

Visible near-infrared hyperspectral imaging and supervised classification for the detection of small intestinal necrosis tissue in vivo.

Complete recognition of necrotic areas during small bowel tissue resection remains challenging due to the lack of optimal intraoperative aid identification techniques. This research utilizes hyperspectral imaging techniques to automatically distinguish normal and necrotic areas of small intestinal tissue. Sample data were obtained from the animal model of small intestinal tissue of eight Japanese large-eared white rabbits developed by experienced physicians.

4-[1-Ethyl-1-methylhexy]-phenol induces apoptosis and interrupts Ca homeostasis via ROS pathway in Sertoli TM4 cells.

Biological effect of an individual nonylphenol (NP) isomer extremely relies upon the side chain structure. This research was designed to evaluate the impact of NP isomer, 4-[1-ethyl-1-methylhexy]-phenol (NP), on Sertoli cells in vitro. Sertoli TM4 cells were exposed to various concentration (0, 0.

Polysaccharides from fermented with NCU116 alleviated liver injury modulation of glutathione homeostasis, bile acid metabolism, and SCFA production.

Lactic acid bacteria strain (LAB) NCU116 fermented Asparagus officinalis polysaccharides (FAOP) have been proven to cause substantial changes in physicochemical properties such as monosaccharide composition and molecular weight, accounting for their enhanced immune activity than unprocessed Asparagus officinalis polysaccharides (AOP). In the current study, the hepatoprotective effects of FAOP in mice with cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced hepatotoxicity were investigated. FAOP were more effective than AOP in alleviating CTX-induced hepatic damage, including inhibition of hepatic biochemical markers (ALT, AST, AKP and LDH) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) as well as reinforcement of antioxidant systems (T-AOC, SOD, CAT, and MDA).

Polysaccharide from the seeds of Plantago asiatica L. alleviates nonylphenol induced intestinal barrier injury by regulating tight junctions in human Caco-2 cell line.

The intestinal epithelium is known as an important barrier to protect the body from harmful pathogens or toxic substance that may induce intestinal barrier injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of polysaccharide from the seeds of Plantago asiatica L. (PLP) on nonylphenol (NP) induced intestinal barrier injury in vitro.

Fetal and neonatal genistein exposure aggravates to interfere with ovarian follicle development of obese female mice induced by high-fat diet.

With epidemic of obesity, it affects aspects of female reproduction. Genistein could ameliorate obesity in people and animals, but might exert adverse effects on the female reproductive system. To evaluate the effects of fetal and neonatal genistein exposure on the ovarian health of F1 obese female mice with obesity induced by high-fat diet after weaning, we simulated a diet-induced obesity model to observe and determine biological effects of genistein exposure on the ovarian follicle of overfed female mice.

Hydrophobically Modified Glucan as an Amphiphilic Carbohydrate Polymer for Micellar Delivery of Myricetin.

Myricetin (Myr) is a phytochemical with many functional properties. However, its hydrophobicity, low bioavailability, and stability limit its application. In this study, octadecanoate oat β-glucan (OGE) was synthesized and gained recognition as a self-assembled micelle forming a polymer with a critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 59.

Polysaccharide from the Seeds of L. Protect Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Liver Injury.

Previous studies have proven that polysaccharide obtained from the seeds of L. (PLCP) could induce maturation of murine dendritic cells, promote defecation, and possess antioxidant activity . However, the effect of PLCP on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver injury in mice has been rarely reported.

Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum NCU116 Fermentation on Asparagus officinalis Polysaccharide: Characterization, Antioxidative, and Immunoregulatory Activities.

Lactic acid fermentation represents a novel method to produce bioactive functional ingredients, including polysaccharides. In this work, a selected lactic acid bacteria strain NCU116 was used to ferment Asparagus officinalis (asparagus) pulps. Two polysaccharides were subsequently separated from both unprocessed and fermented asparagus pulps, namely, asparagus polysaccharide (AOP) and fermented-AOP (F-AOP).

Polysaccharide isolated from seeds of L. induces maturation of dendritic cells through MAPK and NF-κB pathway.

species are used as traditional medicine in Asian and Europe. Polysaccharide isolated from the seeds of L. could stimulate maturation transformation of bone-marrow derived dendritic cells (DCs).

Downregulation of steroid hormone receptor expression and activation of cell signal transduction pathways induced by a chiral nonylphenol isomer in mouse sertoli TM4 cells.

Nonylphenols (NPs) are considered as important environmental toxicants and potential endocrine disrupting compounds which can disrupt male reproductive system. 4-[1-Ethyl-1-methylhexy] phenol (4-NP ) is one of the main isomers of technical nonylphenol mixtures. In the present study, effect of NPs was evaluated from an isomer-specific viewpoint using 4-NP .

Mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt pathways are involved in 4-n-nonyphenol induced apoptosis in mouse Sertoli TM4 cells.

Nonylphenol (NP) is considered an important environmental toxicant, which may disrupt male reproductive system. The aim of this study was to investigate 4-n-nonylphenol (4-n-NP) induced apoptosis and its related mechanism in mouse Sertoli cell line, TM4 cells. Our results showed that NP treatment (0.

Signaling pathway involved in the immunomodulatory effect of Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide in spleen lymphocytes.

The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the immunomodulatory effect of Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide (PSG-1) in spleen lymphocytes. Our results showed that PSG-1 increased the intracellular Ca2+ concentration and calcineurin (CaN) activity. Moreover, PSG-1 was found to elevate nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) activity, but this effect could be diminished by the treatment of CaN inhibitors (cyclosporin A and FK506).

Toll-like receptor 4 mediates the antitumor host response induced by Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide.

The aim of this study is to investigate the role of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 in Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide (PSG-1)-induced antitumor activity. In vitro, the apoptosis rate of S-180 cells was increased in PSG-1-induced peritoneal macrophage derived from C3H/HeN (wild-type) mice, but not from C3H/HeJ (TLR4-deficient) mice. In the S-180 tumor model, phagocytosis, NO and ROS release, phosphorylation of MAPKs and Akt, and expression of NF-κB were increased by PSG-1 in peritoneal macrophage derived from C3H/HeN mice.

Effects of 4-nonylphenol isomers on cell receptors and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in mouse Sertoli TM4 cells.

In the present study, experiments were performed to investigate the effects of nonylphenol (NP) isomers (4-[1,2, 4-trimethylhexyl]-phenol (NP41), 4-[1,2, 5-trimethylhexyl]-phenol (NP42)) on Sertoli TM4 cells. NP41 decreased mRNA expression levels of androgen receptor and toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 in 20-40μM (P<0.05), and increased mRNA levels of estrogen receptor (ER)-α and progesterone receptor in 1-40μM (P<0.

A polysaccharide from Ganoderma atrum inhibits tumor growth by induction of apoptosis and activation of immune response in CT26-bearing mice.

Ganoderma atrum is one species of edible and pharmaceutical mushroom with various biological activities. Recently, a novel polysaccharide, PSG-1, was purified from G. atrum.

Carboxymethylation enhances the maturation-inducing activity in dendritic cells of polysaccharide from the seeds of Plantago asiatica L.

Carboxymethylation is a well-known modification process for polysaccharides. To evaluate the biological availability of carboxymethyl, polysaccharide from the seeds of Plantago asiatica L. (PLCP) was carboxymethylated (CM-PLCP) and the immunomodulatory activities of five CM-PLCPs of gradient degree of substitution (DS) from 0.

Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide evokes antitumor activity via cAMP-PKA mediated apoptotic pathway and down-regulation of Ca(2+)/PKC signal pathway.

Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide (PSG-1) has been commonly suggested as a candidate for prevention and therapy of cancer. We investigated the antitumor effect and the underlying molecular mechanisms of PSG-1. The results showed that PSG-1 inhibited tumor growth and resulted in tumor cell apoptosis in vivo.