Astigmatism in Duane Retraction Syndrome.

Purpose: To compare the prevalence, magnitude, and type of astigmatism among patients with different Duane Retraction Syndrome (DRS) types.

Method: This retrospective cross-sectional study reviewed the records of 312 DRS patients. Patients were categorized into DRS Types 1, 2, 3, and bilateral cases.

Empagliflozin-based quadruple oral therapy for type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study.

The management of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) remains challenging in cases of poor glycemic control despite triple Oral Hypoglycemic Agent (OHA) therapy. This prospective cohort study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Empagliflozin as part of a quadruple OHA regimen over a 7-year follow-up period in 575 adult patients with uncontrolled T2DM on a triple OHA regimen and who were unwilling to initiate insulin therapy. Overall, 92.

Epigenetic silencing and blockade of latency reversal by an HIV-1 encoded antisense transcript.

The mechanisms that regulate human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) latency are not fully elucidated. We reported that an HIV-1 antisense transcript (AST) induces epigenetic modifications at the HIV-1 promoter causing a closed chromatin state that suppresses viral transcription. Here we show that ectopic expression of AST in CD4+ T-cells from people with HIV-1 under antiretroviral therapy blocks latency reversal in response to pharmacologic and T-cell receptor stimulation, enforcing transcriptional silencing.

Serum Vitamin D Levels in Patients with Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide an outline of available data on the association between serum vitamin D levels and vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) and to determine the possible relationship in children.

Methods: Systematic research on all articles published until July 2023 was conducted in PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Embase. All observational-analytical studies that measured vitamin D levels in patients with VKC were included.

Segmentation of choroidal area in optical coherence tomography images using a transfer learning-based conventional neural network: a focus on diabetic retinopathy and a literature review.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of DeepLabv3+with Squeeze-and-Excitation (DeepLabv3+SE) architectures for segmenting the choroid in optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of patients with diabetic retinopathy.

Methods: A total of 300 B-scans were selected from 21 patients with mild to moderate diabetic retinopathy. Six DeepLabv3+SE variants, each utilizing a different pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) for feature extraction, were compared.

Vitamin D deficiency in patients with retinal vein occlusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: This review aims to substantiate the correlation between vitamin D and retinal vein occlusion (RVO) within the medical literature.

Method: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Embase until December 10th, 2023. A meticulous literature search was undertaken to identify and analyze all observational-analytical papers reporting vitamin D levels in RVO patients.

Deep Learning Reconstruction of Accelerated MRI: False-Positive Cartilage Delamination Inserted in MRI Arthrography Under Traction.

Objectives: The radiological imaging industry is developing and starting to offer a range of novel artificial intelligence software solutions for clinical radiology. Deep learning reconstruction of magnetic resonance imaging data seems to allow for the acceleration and undersampling of imaging data. Resulting reduced acquisition times would lead to greater machine utility and to greater cost-efficiency of machine operations.

A floating ball inside the eye in smartphone slit-lamp imaging: A case report of a pediatric vitreous cyst and a literature review.

An 8-year-old male patient was presented with a chief complaint of visual perception of a spherical object located in the visual field of his right eye. According to the patient's prior medical records, they exhibited a sole incident of minor visual impairment in the right eye, characterized by blurred vision (best-corrected visual acuity: 8/10), which first manifested during preschool assessments at the age of 5 years. During the fundoscopic examination of the patient, a pigmented, lobulated, and mobile vitreous cyst was observed in the right eye, whereas the examination of the patient's left eye revealed no abnormalities.

Conserved long noncoding RNA TILAM promotes liver fibrosis through interaction with PML in HSCs.

Background And Aims: Fibrosis is the common end point for all forms of chronic liver injury, and the progression of fibrosis leads to the development of end-stage liver disease. Activation of HSCs and their transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts results in the accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins that form the fibrotic scar. Long noncoding RNAs regulate the activity of HSCs and provide targets for fibrotic therapies.

Superior Oblique Muscle Extramedullary Plasmacytoma in a Patient with Multiple Myeloma and a Review of Literature.

Introduction: Multiple myeloma (MM), a plasma cell malignancy, is a systemic disease affecting various body organs. Plasmacytoma of bone and extramedullary disease (EMD) are presentations of MM. EMD is usually the sign of a more aggressive form of the disease.

Conserved long noncoding RNA promotes liver fibrosis through interaction with PML in hepatic stellate cells.

Background & Aims: Fibrosis is the common endpoint for all forms of chronic liver injury, and progression of fibrosis leads to the development of end-stage liver disease. Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and their transdifferentiation to myofibroblasts results in the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that form the fibrotic scar. Long noncoding (lnc) RNAs regulate the activity of HSCs and may provide targets for fibrotic therapies.

The additive effect of intravitreal dexamethasone combined with bevacizumab in refractory diabetic macular edema.

Purpose: To evaluate the short-term structural and visual outcomes and side effects associated with intravitreal dexamethasone (IVD) combined with bevacizumab (IVB) in treating patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) and an inadequate response to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents.

Methods: In this prospective interventional case series, a total of 81 eyes of 81 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and refractory DME were included and assigned to one of two groups: I) those receiving three monthly intravitreal injections of combined bevacizumab and dexamethasone (IVB+IVD) and II) those receiving three monthly intravitreal injections of bevacizumab alone (IVB). The primary outcome was the inter-group difference in central macular thickness (CMT); secondary outcomes included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), baseline optical coherence tomography (OCT) biomarkers, and intraocular pressure (IOP) one month after the last injection.

Ability of ChatGPT to generate competent radiology reports for distal radius fracture by use of RSNA template items and integrated AO classifier.

The amount of acquired radiology imaging studies grows worldwide at a rapid pace. Novel information technology tools for radiologists promise an increase of reporting quality and as well quantity at the same time. Automated text report drafting is one branch of this development.

Human cortical interneurons optimized for grafting specifically integrate, abort seizures, and display prolonged efficacy without over-inhibition.

Previously, we demonstrated the efficacy of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (cIN) grafts in ameliorating seizures. However, a safe and reliable clinical translation requires a mechanistic understanding of graft function, as well as the assurance of long-term efficacy and safety. By employing hPSC-derived chemically matured migratory cINs in two models of epilepsy, we demonstrate lasting efficacy in treating seizures and comorbid deficits, as well as safety without uncontrolled growth.

Accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in assessing knee cartilage changes over time in patients with osteoarthritis: A systematic review.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a technique useful for the diagnosis of cartilage damage due to high sensitivity to identify subchondral bone abnormalities and full-thickness cartilage lesions. The lack of a study on knee cartilage changes over time in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) by MRI technique led us to investigate the accuracy of MRI in identifying knee cartilage changes over time in patients with OA in a systematic review. In the present systematic review, started from the beginning of 2020 in one of the University Hospitals in Iran, the databases of CINAHL, Ovid, Elsevier, Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science were searched using the keywords MRI, OA, Cartilage Lesion, Imaging Techniques.

Diagnostic Imaging of Diabetic Foot Disorders.

Plain, weight-bearing radiography is the preferred first-line imaging. Dependent on the suspected pathology, further imaging is indicated. In a soft tissue infection, an abscess has to be excluded, for example, with ultrasound.

Noncontrast-enhanced 3-Tesla MRI using surface coil as a complementary test for assessment of distribution and depth of locoregional cutaneous metastases of malignant melanoma.

Locoregional and distant metastases account for most cases of morbidity and mortality associated with melanoma. In addition, local recurrences of melanoma might be the onset of disseminated disease. Therefore, precise diagnosis and therapy are warranted to minimize morbidity and increase survival in a subset of patients.

Identification and mapping of post-transcriptional modifications on the HIV-1 antisense transcript in human cells.

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) encodes multiple RNA molecules. Transcripts that originate from the proviral 5' long terminal repeat (LTR) function as messenger RNAs for the expression of 16 different mature viral proteins. In addition, HIV-1 expresses an antisense transcript () from the 3'LTR, which has both protein-coding and noncoding properties.

[Radiosynoviorthesis of the thumb's carpometacarpal joint].

Radiosynoviorthesis (RSO) is an established therapeutic method for the local treatment of pain in aseptic joint inflammation (e.g. arthritis, activated osteoarthritis, synovitis).

Non-contrast-enhanced 3-Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Surface-coil and Sonography for Assessment of Hidradenitis Suppurativa Lesions.

Hidradenitis suppurativa has a substantial negative effect on quality of life of affected persons. Diagnosis is based mainly on clinical examination. However, physi-cal examination alone might underestimate disease severity compared with imaging modalities.

lncRNA DIGIT and BRD3 protein form phase-separated condensates to regulate endoderm differentiation.

Cooperation between DNA, RNA and protein regulates gene expression and controls differentiation through interactions that connect regions of nucleic acids and protein domains and through the assembly of biomolecular condensates. Here, we report that endoderm differentiation is regulated by the interaction between the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) DIGIT and the bromodomain and extraterminal domain protein BRD3. BRD3 forms phase-separated condensates of which the formation is promoted by DIGIT, occupies enhancers of endoderm transcription factors and is required for endoderm differentiation.

Fibrin sealants in lumbar annuloplasty after endoscopic discectomy as a method to prevent recurrent lumbar disc herniation.

Fibrin sealant as a promising agent for providing scaffold and efficient hemostasis is widely accepted in several specialties. However, the outcome of Fibrin sealants in lumbar annuloplasty after endoscopic discectomy has not been evaluated in patients with disc herniation. The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, response, and probability of future recurrence rates in herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) with the use of fibrin sealant in conjunction with endoscopic disc surgery.

Genome-Wide Maps of m6A circRNAs Identify Widespread and Cell-Type-Specific Methylation Patterns that Are Distinct from mRNAs.

N-methyladenosine (mA) is the most abundant internal modification of mRNAs and is implicated in all aspects of post-transcriptional RNA metabolism. However, little is known about mA modifications to circular (circ) RNAs. We developed a computational pipeline (AutoCirc) that, together with depletion of ribosomal RNA and mA immunoprecipitation, defined thousands of mA circRNAs with cell-type-specific expression.

DIGIT Is a Conserved Long Noncoding RNA that Regulates GSC Expression to Control Definitive Endoderm Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) exhibit diverse functions, including regulation of development. Here, we combine genome-wide mapping of SMAD3 occupancy with expression analysis to identify lncRNAs induced by activin signaling during endoderm differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). We find that DIGIT is divergent to Goosecoid (GSC) and expressed during endoderm differentiation.