Effects of different diets used to induce obesity/metabolic syndrome on bladder function in rats.

Preclinical and human studies on the relationship between obesity/metabolic syndrome (MetS) and lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) are inconsistent. We compared the temporal effects of feeding four different diets used to induce obesity/MetS, including 60% fructose, 2% cholesterol +10% lard, 30% fructose + 20% lard, or 32.5% lard diet, up to 42 wk, on metabolic parameters and bladder function in male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Smooth muscle-specific deletion of MnSOD exacerbates diabetes-induced bladder dysfunction in mice.

Bladder dysfunction in diabetes progresses gradually over time. However, the mechanisms of the development are not clear. We tested the hypothesis that oxidative stress plays a key role in the development of diabetic bladder dysfunction using an inducible smooth muscle (SM)-specific superoxide dismutase 2 () gene knockout (SM- KO) mouse model.

Comparison of Voiding Dysfunction Phenotypes in Women with Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain and Myofascial Pelvic Pain: Results from the ICEPAC Trial.

Objective: To evaluate whether voiding parameters differ in patients with the common overlapping pelvic pain disorders, interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS), and myofascial pelvic pain (MPP).

Methods: Uroflow and voiding diary assessed voiding phenotypes in this prospective cohort study (ICEPAC) of women comparing IC/BPS, IC/BPS +MPP, MPP, and healthy control (HC) subjects.

Results: In 36 HC, 24 IC/BPS, 37 IC/BPS + MPP, and 14 MPP subjects, the voiding diary measurements indicate lower voided volumes in IC/BPS and IC/BPS + MPP groups (185 ± 24 mL, 169 ± 20 mL, respectively) compared to HC and MPP groups (294 ± 24 mL, 226 ± 36 mL, respectively; P <.

Retinal angiotensin II and angiotensin-(1-7) response to hyperglycemia and an intervention with captopril.

Hypothesis: Hyperglycemia decreases angiotensin-(1-7), the endogenous counter-regulator of angiotensin II in the retina.

Materials And Methods: The distribution and levels of retinal angiotensin II (Ang II) and angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) were evaluated by confocal imaging and quantitative immunohistochemistry during the development of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats.

Results: In the nondiabetic eye, Ang II was localized to the endfeet of Müller cells, extending into the cellular processes of the inner plexiform layer and inner nuclear layer; Ang-(1-7) showed a wider distribution, extending from the foot plates of the Müller cells to the photoreceptor layer.

The influence of hyperglycemia on the remodeling of urethral connective tissue in pregnant rats.

Objective: To analyze the distribution and quantification of the key structural extracellular matrix components of the urethral tissue in a rat model of hyperglycemia and pregnancy.

Study Design: A total of 120 female Wistar rats were distributed into the following four experimental groups: virgin, pregnant, hyperglycemic and hyperglycemic + pregnant groups. The urethra was harvested for histochemical, morphometric, immunohistochemical, Western blot and glycosaminoglycan analyses.

Path of translational discovery of urological complications of obesity and diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevalent chronic disease. Type 1 DM (T1DM) is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by hyperglycemia in the context of absolute lack of insulin, whereas type 2 DM (T2DM) is due to insulin resistance-related relative insulin deficiency. In comparison with T1DM, T2DM is more complex.

Obesity-initiated metabolic syndrome promotes urinary voiding dysfunction in a mouse model.

Objective: Accumulating evidences suggests that obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) contribute towards lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) through alterations in the phenotype of bladder and prostate gland. Clinical studies indicate a link between MetS and LUTS. Nevertheless, there is lack of suitable animal model(s) which could illustrate an association linking obesity to LUTS.

Functional and morphological alterations of the urinary bladder in type 2 diabetic FVB(db/db) mice.

Aims: Diabetic bladder dysfunction (DBD) has been extensively studied in animal models of type 1 diabetes. We aimed to examine the functional and morphological alterations of the urinary bladder in a type 2 diabetes model, FVB(db/db) mice.

Methods: FVB(db/db) mice and age-matched FVB/NJ control mice were tested at either 12, 24 or 52weeks of age.

Effects of short-term severe and long-term mild STZ-induced diabetes in urethral tissue of female rats.

Aims: To estimate and compare the alterations in the urethral tissues of female rats with two diabetes models: short-term severe and long-term mild diabetes.

Methods: To induce mild diabetes (blood glucose levels between 120 and 300 mg/dl), female newborns received streptozotocin (100 mg/kg body weight, sc route), and to induce short-term severe diabetes (blood glucose levels > 300 mg/d), adult animals received streptozotocin (40 mg/kg, iv route). The rats were killed on day 133 of the experimental via an i.

Effect of Polyuria on Bladder Function in Diabetics versus Non-Diabetics: An Article Review.

Objectives: To review studies that investigated the role of polyuria on bladder function.

Methods: We performed a search of the English literature through PubMed. We only included animal studies that assessed parameters of bladder function and had compared diabetic and non-diabetic polyuric animals.

Melatonin and Its Role in Lower Urinary Tract Function: An Article Review.

This article reviewed the results of studies done on animals that assessed effects of melatonin on bladder function. Melatonin does not change strip relaxation on its own. However, pre-treatment with melatonin decreases contractile responses induced by phenylephrine, acetylcholine, bethanechol and KCl in a dose-dependent manner.

Inflammatory Signaling Involved in High-Fat Diet Induced Prostate Diseases.

High-Fat Diet (HFD) has emerged as an important risk factor not only for obesity and diabetes but also for urological disorders. Recent research provides ample evidence that HFD is a putative cause for prostatic diseases including prostate cancer. The mechanisms whereby these diseases develop in the prostate have not been fully elucidated.

Metabolic syndrome, inflammation and lower urinary tract symptoms: possible translational links.

Background: Epidemiological data suggest that lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTSs) may be associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Inflammation has been proposed as a candidate mechanism at the crossroad between these two clinical entities. The aim of this review article is to evaluate the role of MetS-induced inflammation in the pathogenesis and progression of LUTS.

Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in a rat model of birth-trauma injury: functional improvements and biodistribution.

Introduction And Hypothesis: We evaluated the potential role of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in improvement of urinary continence following birth-trauma injury.

Methods: Human MSCs were injected periurethrally or systemically into rats immediately after vaginal distention (VD) (n = 90). Control groups were non-VD (uninjured/untreated, n = 15), local or systemic saline (injection/control, n = 90), and dermofibroblast (cell therapy/control, n = 90).

Effect of suburethral prolene mesh for suburethral function and histology in a stress urinary incontinence mouse model.

Objectives: To create a mouse model pertaining to mesh-elicited suburethral functional and histological changes after vaginal distention, and to examine the possible mechanism behind these complications.

Methods: We divided 48 virgin female C57BL/6 mice into four groups: vaginal distention alone, vaginal distention followed by prolene mesh implantation, vaginal distention followed by sham mesh implantation and untreated control. Each group was divided into two subgroups for conscious cystometrogram, leak-point pressure testing and harvesting of suburethral tissue 4 or 10 days after vaginal distention.

Few modifiable factors predict readmission following radical cystectomy.

Introduction: We sought to determine the patient and provider-related factors associated with readmission after radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer. In this era of healthcare reform, hospital performance measures, such as readmission, are beginning to affect provider reimbursement. Given its high readmission rate, RC could be a target for quality improvement.

Advanced glycation end products facilitate bacterial adherence in urinary tract infection in diabetic mice.

Diabetic individuals have increased susceptibility to urinary tract infection (UTI), a common, painful condition. During diabetes mellitus, non-enzymatic reactions between reducing sugars and protein amine groups result in excessive production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) that accumulate in tissues. Since bacteria adhere to cell surfaces by binding to carbohydrates, we hypothesized that adherence of bacteria to the bladder in diabetics may be enhanced by accumulation of AGEs on urothelial surface proteins.

Bladder function in mice with inducible smooth muscle-specific deletion of the manganese superoxide dismutase gene.

Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is considered a critical component of the antioxidant systems that protect against oxidative damage. We are interested in the role of oxidative stress in bladder detrusor smooth muscle (SM) in different disease states. In this study, we generated an inducible, SM-specific Sod2(-/-) mouse model to investigate the effects of MnSOD depletion on the function of the bladder.

Impaired cytokine expression, neutrophil infiltration and bacterial clearance in response to urinary tract infection in diabetic mice.

Diabetic patients have increased susceptibility to infections, and urinary tract infections (UTI) are the most common type in women with diabetes mellitus. Knowledge of bacterial clearance effectiveness following UTI in diabetics is sparse. In this study, the effects of diabetes on bacterial clearance efficiency and components of the innate immune system in response to UTI in a murine model were investigated.

Tissue specific dysregulated protein subnetworks in type 2 diabetic bladder urothelium and detrusor muscle.

Diabetes mellitus is well known to cause bladder dysfunction; however, the molecular mechanisms governing this process and the effects on individual tissue elements within the bladder are poorly understood, particularly in type 2 diabetes. A shotgun proteomics approach was applied to identify proteins differentially expressed between type 2 diabetic (TallyHo) and control (SWR/J) mice in the bladder smooth muscle and urothelium, separately. We were able to identify 1760 nonredundant proteins from the detrusor smooth muscle and 3169 nonredundant proteins from urothelium.

Combination simvastatin and metformin induces G1-phase cell cycle arrest and Ripk1- and Ripk3-dependent necrosis in C4-2B osseous metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer cells.

Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells acquire resistance to chemotherapy and apoptosis, in part, due to enhanced aerobic glycolysis and biomass production, known as the Warburg effect. We previously demonstrated that combination simvastatin (SIM) and metformin (MET) ameliorates critical Warburg effect-related metabolic aberrations of C4-2B cells, synergistically and significantly decreases CRPC cell viability and metastatic properties, with minimal effect on normal prostate epithelial cells, and inhibits primary prostate tumor growth, metastasis, and biochemical failure in an orthotopic model of metastatic CRPC, more effectively than docetaxel chemotherapy. Several modes of cell death activated by individual treatment of SIM or MET have been reported; however, the cell death process induced by combination SIM and MET treatment in metastatic CRPC cells remains unknown.