A novel workflow for unbiased 3D quantification of autophagosomes in Arabidopsis thaliana roots.

Macroautophagy is often quantified by live imaging of autophagosomes labeled with fluorescently tagged ATG8 protein (FP-ATG8) in Arabidopsis thaliana. The labeled particles are then counted in single focal planes. This approach may lead to inaccurate results as the actual 3D distribution of autophagosomes is not taken into account and appropriate sampling in the Z-direction is not performed.

Phospholipase Dα1 Acts as a Negative Regulator of High Mg-Induced Leaf Senescence in Arabidopsis.

Magnesium (Mg) is a macronutrient involved in essential cellular processes. Its deficiency or excess is a stress factor for plants, seriously affecting their growth and development and therefore, its accurate regulation is essential. Recently, we discovered that phospholipase Dα1 (PLDα1) activity is vital in the stress response to high-magnesium conditions in Arabidopsis roots.

β-Cyclodextrin Derivative Grafted on Silica Gel Represents a New Polymeric Sorbent for Extracting Nitisinone from Model Physiological Fluids.

Nitisinone (NTBC) is used in the treatment of disorders affecting the tyrosine pathway, including hereditary tyrosinemia type I, alkaptonuria, and neuroblastoma. An inappropriate dosage of this therapeutic drug causes side effects; therefore, it is necessary to develop a rapid and sensitive method to monitor the content of NTBC in patients' blood. This study aimed to develop anew polymeric sorbent containing β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) derivatives grafted on silica gel to effectively extract NTBC from model physiological fluids.

Metabolic profiles and non-targeted LC-MS/MS approach as a complementary tool to targeted analysis in assessment of plant exposure to pesticides.

Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was employed for the detection of pesticides (thiamethoxam, lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, and metalaxyl) and their metabolites in Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus exposed to these compounds under experimental conditions. Metalaxyl (0.

Rapid MSPD-LC-MS/MS Procedure for Determination of Pesticides in Potato Tubers.

The program of potato protection recommended by the producers of agrochemicals requires application: thiamethoxam, lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, rimsulfuron and metalaxyl. Therefore, there is a risk that these pesticides are present in tubers, thus posing a toxicological risk to the consumer. In this respect, it is necessary to monitor the presence of these compounds in edible plants.

Profiling and fingerprinting strategies to assess exposure of edible plants to herbicides.

Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus, was exposed under experimental conditions to herbicides: rimsulfuron (RIM), administrated as (1) pure substance, (2) in commercially available formulation (RIMEL), (3) its degradation product: 4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-amine (2ADP), (4) mesotrione (MES), (5) sulcotrione (SUL). Profiling and fingerprinting strategies, conducted by LC-MS/MS-FL, were employed to find markers of plant exposure to herbicide stress.

Phospholipase Dα1 mediates the high-Mg stress response partially through regulation of K homeostasis.

Intracellular levels of Mg are tightly regulated, as Mg deficiency or excess affects normal plant growth and development. In Arabidopsis, we determined that phospholipase Dα1 (PLDα1) is involved in the stress response to high-magnesium conditions. The T-DNA insertion mutant pldα1 is hypersensitive to increased concentrations of magnesium, exhibiting reduced primary root length and fresh weight.

Cell wall contributes to the stability of plasma membrane nanodomain organization of Arabidopsis thaliana FLOTILLIN2 and HYPERSENSITIVE INDUCED REACTION1 proteins.

Current models of plasma membrane (PM) postulate its organization in various nano- and micro-domains with distinct protein and lipid composition. While metazoan PM nanodomains usually display high lateral mobility, the dynamics of plant nanodomains is often highly spatially restricted. Here we have focused on the determination of the PM distribution in nanodomains for Arabidopsis thaliana flotillin (AtFLOT) and hypersensitive induced reaction proteins (AtHIR), previously shown to be involved in response to extracellular stimuli.

Mapping of Plasma Membrane Proteins Interacting With Flotillin 2.

Arabidopsis flotillin 2 (At5g25260) belongs to the group of plant flotillins, which are not well characterized. In contrast, metazoan flotillins are well known as plasma membrane proteins associated with membrane microdomains that act as a signaling hub. The similarity of plant and metazoan flotillins, whose functions most likely consist of affecting other proteins via protein-protein interactions, determines the necessity of detecting their interacting partners in plants.

Review of Sample Preparation Techniques for the Analysis of Selected Classes of Pesticides in Plant Matrices.

The aim of this article is to present the trends in extraction techniques applied for the isolation of pesticides from plant matrix. To fully compare the effectiveness of different extraction techniques, it was required to analyze compounds with possibly wide spectrum of physicochemical properties. Hence, compounds representing neonicotinoids, pyrethroids, sulfonylureas and phenylamides were selected.

Large animals as potential models of human mental and behavioral disorders.

Many animal models in different species have been developed for mental and behavioral disorders. This review presents large animals (dog, ovine, swine, horse) as potential models of this disorders. The article was based on the researches that were published in the peer-reviewed journals.

The Arabidopsis thaliana non-specific phospholipase C2 is involved in the response to Pseudomonas syringae attack.

Background And Aims: The non-specific phospholipase C (NPC) is a new member of the plant phospholipase family that reacts to abiotic environmental stresses, such as phosphate deficiency, high salinity, heat and aluminium toxicity, and is involved in root development, silicon distribution and brassinolide signalling. Six NPC genes (NPC1-NPC6) are found in the Arabidopsis genome. The NPC2 isoform has not been experimentally characterized so far.

Arabidopsis non-specific phospholipase C1: characterization and its involvement in response to heat stress.

The Arabidopsis non-specific phospholipase C (NPC) protein family is encoded by the genes NPC1 - NPC6. It has been shown that NPC4 and NPC5 possess phospholipase C activity; NPC3 has lysophosphatidic acid phosphatase activity. NPC3, 4 and 5 play roles in the responses to hormones and abiotic stresses.

Non-specific phospholipase C4 mediates response to aluminum toxicity in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Aluminum ions (Al) have been recognized as a major toxic factor for crop production in acidic soils. The first indication of the Al toxicity in plants is the cessation of root growth, but the mechanism of root growth inhibition is largely unknown. Here we examined the impact of Al on the expression, activity, and function of the non-specific phospholipase C4 (NPC4), a plasma membrane-bound isoform of NPC, a member of the plant phospholipase family, in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Growth Suppression and Adverse Effects on Human Health Due to Air Pollution in the Upper Silesian Industrial District (USID), Southern Poland.

Air pollution emissions were not continually monitored in the Upper Silesian Industrial District (USID), southern Poland, and data is only available for the last 20 years. Long-lasting and severe tree ring reductions in pines growing 5-20 km north of the USID area recorded particularly high levels of air pollution emissions in the period 1950-1990. Especially high amounts of reductions and many missing rings were found in the period 1964-1981.

Improving hospital systems for the care of women with major obstetric hemorrhage.

Objective: When 2 maternal deaths due to hemorrhage occurred at New York Hospital Queens in 2000-2001, a multidisciplinary team implemented systemic change. Our objective was to improve outcomes of episodes of major obstetric hemorrhage.

Methods: We report outcomes before (2000-2001) and after (2002-2005) the introduction of a patient safety program aimed at improving the care of women with major obstetric hemorrhage.

Effect of ethanol on the response of the rat urinary bladder to in vitro ischemia: protective effect of alpha-lipoic acid.

Purpose: Ethanol exposure has been used to demonstrate the increase of oxidative stress to a variety of tissues. We studied the effect of ethanol on the response of isolated strips of rat bladder to in vitro hypoxia in the absence of glucose (in vitro ischemia). Secondly, we determined if alpha-lipoic acid (LA) could alter the response to ethanol + in vitro ischemia.

Circulating erythroblasts in maternal blood are not elevated before onset of preterm labor.

Objective: Preterm labor has recently been reported to be associated with an increased release of cell free fetal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) into the maternal circulation. We have previously observed increases in both fetal cell traffic and cell free fetal DNA in preeclamptic pregnancies. In this study, we investigated whether fetal cell traffic is also disturbed in pregnancies with preterm labor.

Doing it right the first time: quality improvement and the contaminant blood culture.

The aim of the project was to determine whether the rate of contaminant blood cultures could be reduced by using a team of dedicated phlebotomists. Comparisons were made between adult patients requiring blood cultures for suspected bacteremia on medical and surgical units before and after the introduction and withdrawal of a dedicated blood culture team. The results showed that a significant reduction in the contaminant blood culture rate was achieved by the blood culture team (P < 0.

A multidisciplinary QA program for enteral nutrition in high-risk patients.

An increase in elderly patients and severity of illness rates means greater use of nasogastric feeding tubes for both high-risk acutely ill and chronically ill patients. When the QA screening process at Booth Memorial Medical Center revealed a certain percentage of complications with small bore, weight-tipped feeding tubes inserted through the nares, a multidisciplinary peer review committee (MPRC) was formed to review the enteral nutrition program. After a literature review to determine possible complications, the MPRC identified lung perforations due to tube misplacement, tube feeding aspiration into the lungs leading to possible aspiration pneumonia, and an internal tip separation from the tube product failure.

[Selected biochemical indicators of the effect of environmental lead on the humans].

Lead after penetration into the human organism reacts with different sulphur compounds, especially with thiol group of peptides and proteins. It diminishes haeme synthesis by inhibiting thiol enzymes of bone marrow. Measurements performed in three groups of inhabitants of Chorzów--the most polluted town in the Upper Silesia, revealed in approx.