Origin of electrochromism in high-performing nanocomposite nickel oxide.

Electrochromic effects of transition metal oxides provide a great platform for studying lithium intercalation chemistry in solids. Herein, we report on an electronically modified nanocomposite nickel oxide (i.e.

Hole doping in Al-containing nickel oxide materials to improve electrochromic performance.

Electrochromic materials exhibit switchable optical properties that can find applications in various fields, including smart windows, nonemissive displays, and semiconductors. High-performing nickel oxide electrochromic materials have been realized by controlling the material composition and tuning the nanostructural morphology. Post-treatment techniques could represent efficient and cost-effective approaches for performance enhancement.

Low-temperature ozone exposure technique to modulate the stoichiometry of WOx nanorods and optimize the electrochromic performance.

A low-temperature ozone exposure technique was employed for the post-treatment of WO(x) nanorod thin films fabricated from hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) and ultrasonic spray deposition (USD) techniques. The resulting films were characterized with x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The stoichiometry and surface crystallinity of the WO(x) thin films were subsequently modulated upon ozone exposure and thermal annealing without particle growth.