Radiological Imaging of the Lacrimal Gland in Sjogren's Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: To critically appraise the evidence on the ability of the lacrimal gland ultrasonography (USG) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to differentiate between Sjogren's syndrome and non-Sjogren's syndrome/healthy controls.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis (based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines) of online literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases. Cohort studies comparing the imaging features of the lacrimal glands of Sjogren's syndrome with a control group were included.

Cryptogenic posterior circulation stroke in children.

We aimed to evaluate the percentage of posterior circulation arterial ischaemic stroke (PCAIS) caused by craniovertebral junction (CVJ) anomalies and describe their clinical course. Children admitted to a tertiary care paediatric hospital with PCAIS between July 2017 and December 2020 were assessed retrospectively for disease aetiology. We reviewed the clinical, radiological, and surgical details of children with evidence of CVJ anomalies.

Magnetic resonance imaging in rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis.

Coronavirus disease-associated mucormycosis (CAM) is an established clinical entity in India. In the past 4 months, there has been a sharp upsurge in the number of CAM cases in most parts of the country. Early diagnosis can be lifesaving.

Spinal dysraphism illustrated; Embroyology revisited.

Spinal cord development occurs through three consecutive periods of gastrulation, primary nerulation and secondary neurulation. Aberration in these stages causes abnormalities of the spine and spinal cord, collectively referred as spinal dysraphism. They can be broadly classified as anomalies of gastrulation (disorders of notochord formation and of integration); anomalies of primary neurulation (premature dysjunction and nondysjunction); combined anomalies of gastrulation and primary neurulation and anomalies of secondary neurulation.

Familial choreoathetosis due to novel heterozygous mutation in PDE10A.

PDE10A encodes a dual cAMP-cGMP phosphodiesterase that is enriched in the medium spiny neurons of the corpus striatum in the brain and plays an important role in basal ganglia circuitry. Three unrelated patients with childhood onset chorea and striatal abnormalities on MRI brain with heterozygous de novo variants in PDE10A have been described previously. Two families with eight affected individuals with biallelic mutations in PDE10A have also been described previously.

Prevalence of dental anxiety and its relation to age and gender in coastal Andhra (Visakhapatnam) population, India.

Background: Dental fear, anxiety and phobia have consistently been reported as widespread problems that persist despite the technological advances that have made dentistry less painful and less uncomfortable. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of dental anxiety (DA) and its relation to age and sex among Coastal Andhra (Visakhapatnam) population.

Materials And Methods: A randomized controlled study was designed among 340 individuals at GITAM Dental College and Hospital, Visakhapatnam.

Cervical Subependymoma: A rare case report with possible histogenesis.

Subependymomas are extremely rare lesions of the spinal cord. Only 33 cases including ours have been reported in the cervical cord. These are typically benign slow growing tumors occurring eccentrically within the cord, producing minimal neurological deficits.

Crescent posterior fossa durotomy for occipito-marginal venous sinus preservation: a pilot study.

Purpose: The standard approach of midline suboccipital craniectomy entails sacrifice of the Occipito-marginal sinus. We have attempted to preserve this venous channel by using a durotomy technique which preserves this system. In a pilot study initiative, two groups of patients using this technique versus the standard approach, were compared in terms of per and post operative benefits, morbidity and complications.

Managing DICOM images: Tips and tricks for the radiologist.

All modalities in radiology practice have become digital, and therefore deal with DICOM images. Image files that are compliant with part 10 of the DICOM standard are generally referred to as "DICOM format files" or simply "DICOM files" and are represented as ".dcm.

Neuroplasticity in hemispheric syndrome: an interesting case report.

Functional hemispherectomy is an accepted treatment in hemispherical intractable epilepsy syndromes. We report a patient who had functional hemispherectomy for intractable seizures secondary to right hemispheric cortical dysplasia. Preoperatively, the patient had mild left hemiparesis and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) showed bilateral motor function lateralization to normal left hemisphere.

Falcine and parasagittal intracranial chondrosarcomas of the classical variant: report of two cases with review of literature.

Intracranial primary extraskeletal chondrosarcomas are extremely rare. We report two cases of the classical variant which were dural based: one falcine and the other parasagittal are presented. Only 10 cases of this variant have been reported in this location.

Case Report: Magnetic resonance imaging in rabies encephalitis.

Rabies encephalitis is an invariably fatal disease characterized by typical clinical symptoms. Although the diagnosis of this condition can be made on the basis of the patient's history and the classical clinical presentation, neuroimaging may still play a role, especially for establishing an early diagnosis in cases with atypical presentations or when the history of animal bite is not forthcoming. We report the MRI findings in a case of furious rabies encephalitis and describe the utility of diffusion imaging in its diagnosis.

Sonographic and CT features of splenogonadal fusion.

Splenogonadal fusion is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by fusion of splenic tissue to the gonad. Although more than 150 cases have been described in the literature, there are only anecdotal reports of the diagnosis of this entity before surgery. Preoperative recognition of this anomaly permits avoidance of radical surgical procedures such as orchiectomy.

Evaluation, management, and long-term follow up of vein of Galen malformations.

Object: Vein of Galen malformations (VGMs) are extremely rare intracranial lesions. Clinical presentation and management strategies vary significantly in different areas of the world. The authors report their experience in evaluation, management, and long-term follow up of these lesions in India.