Carotid endarterectomy in the elderly.

Background And Purpose: Increasing life expectancy has resulted in an increasing number of elderly. As the elderly population grows, the incidence of stroke will increase. Many such strokes result from carotid stenosis (CS).

Amlodipine for migraine prophylaxis.

Migraine is among the most common neurologic disorders encountered in clinical practice. In the general US population, the annual incidence has been calculated to be approximately 250 per 100,000 with a point prevalence of 10%. Females are affected more than males.

Acute leukocyte and temperature response in hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.

Background And Purpose: We undertook this study to investigate the relationship between outcome, hematoma volume, and admission peripheral white blood cell count and body temperature in acute hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.

Methods: Eighty-two consecutive patients who presented with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage within 72 hours of onset were retrospectively assessed. The peripheral white blood cell count, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and the body temperature on admission were measured.

Relation between blood pressure and outcome in intracerebral hemorrhage.

Background And Purpose: Controversy continues to exist regarding optimal blood pressure control in acute hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. Persistent marked elevation of the blood pressure can promote further bleeding, increase cerebral blood flow, and raise intracranial pressure. Relative hypotension, on the other hand, may promote hypoperfusion with secondary ischemia.

MRI of AIDS-related polyradiculomyelitis.

Objective: We describe the unusual syndrome of cytomegalovirus (CMV) polyradiculomyelitis and its MR findings in two patients with AIDS.

Materials And Methods: The clinical records and MRI studies of two patients with AIDS and CMV polyradiculomyelitis were reviewed. The MR images were performed on a Picker 1.

Potential environmental neurotoxins related to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: selective toxicity of 1-methyl-4-(4'-acetamidophenyl)-pyridinium and 1-methyl-4-cyclohexylpyridinium for dopaminergic neurons in culture.

Mesencephalic cells in culture were exposed to various compounds which we hypothesized to be selective toxins for dopaminergic neurons. The culture system was previously shown suitable for assessing selective dopaminergic neurotoxicity, since 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium (MPP+), the active metabolite of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridinium, destroyed dopaminergic neurons without affecting other cells. Some compounds tested were selected to fulfill two criteria believed to underly the selective dopaminergic neurotoxicity of MPP+, i.

Toxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium for rat dopaminergic neurons in culture: selectivity and irreversibility.

Cultures of dissociated embryonic rat mesencephalic cells were exposed to 10 microM 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), a concentration shown earlier to result in loss of greater than 85% of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons without affecting the total number of cells observed by phase-contrast microscopy. To characterize better the selectivity of the toxic action of MPP+, other parameters were measured reflecting survival and function of dopaminergic or nondopaminergic neurons. Exposure of cultures to 10 microM MPP+ for 48 h reduced TH activity to 11% of control values without reducing protein levels.

Toxic effects of potential environmental neurotoxins related to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium on cultured rat dopaminergic neurons.

Dopaminergic rat mesencephalic neurons in culture were exposed to a group of potential environmental neurotoxins. These cultures, which contained 0.5 to 1% dopaminergic neurons, were a suitable tool for determining nonselective and selective dopaminergic cytotoxicity.