Disseminated Histoplasmosis Diagnosed in an Immunocompetent Patient from a Non-Endemic Area: Neglected or Emerging Disease?

() is considered to be one of the most extensively spread dysmorphic fungi worldwide. Histoplasmosis primarily impacts patients with weakened immune systems and can result in a diverse range of clinical manifestations. In immunocompetent patients, the disease may manifest as a self-limiting or asymptomatic infection; however, in immunocompromised individuals, it can occur as a debilitating, disseminated disease.

Ghrelin Expression in Atherosclerotic Plaques and Perivascular Adipose Tissue: Implications for Vascular Inflammation in Peripheral Artery Disease.

Atherosclerosis, a leading cause of peripheral artery disease (PAD), is driven by lipid accumulation and chronic inflammation within arterial walls. : This study investigates the expression of ghrelin, an anti-inflammatory peptide hormone, in plaque morphology and inflammation in patients with PAD, highlighting its potential role in age-related vascular diseases and metabolic syndrome. : The analysis specifically focused on the immunohistochemical expression of ghrelin in atherosclerotic plaques and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) from 28 PAD patients.

Experimental Study on Rats with Critical-Size Bone Defects Comparing Effects of Autologous Bone Graft, Equine Bone Substitute Bio-Gen Alone or in Association with Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF).

Background: A critical-sized bone defect (CsBD) is considered one that will not heal spontaneously and requires reconstruction. This study aims to compare the results of using different bone reconstructive techniques and to study the potential of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) to enhance the healing properties of a bone substitute (BS).

Methods: In this experimental study on rats, the treatment of critical-sized bone defects was carried out by analysing four groups: a control group in which the bone defect was left empty; a group treated with Bio-Gen; another group in which the defect was treated with PRF in combination with Bio-Gen; and the last that was treated with autologous bone graft (ABG).

A bumpy road ahead for genetic biocontainment.

While the research community continues to develop novel proposals for intrinsic biocontainment of genetically engineered organisms, translation to real-world deployment faces several challenges.

Regulatory T cells in gastric cancer: Key controllers from pathogenesis to therapy.

Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly aggressive malignancy that remains a significant contributor to cancer-related mortality worldwide, despite a decline in incidence in recent years. Early-stage GC poses a diagnostic challenge due to its asymptomatic nature, leading to poor prognoses for most patients. Conventional treatment approaches, including chemotherapy and surgery, have shown limited efficacy in improving outcomes for GC patients.

Predictors of slow responsiveness and partial mucosal recovery in adult patients with celiac disease.

Aim: The present study aims to determine the rate of mucosal recovery and predictors of persistent mucosal damage after gluten free diet (GFD).

Background: Celiac disease (CD) is a complex multi-systemic autoimmune disease triggered by exposure to dietary gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. There is still little evidence on the best method for assessing GFD adherence and mucosal recovery during treatment.

Thyroid Collision Tumors: The Presence of the Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Component Negatively Influences the Prognosis.

Thyroid collision tumors (TCTs) are rare pathological findings, representing <1% of thyroid cancers. This study aimed to compare the main pathological features of TCTs containing medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) components with MTC-only tumors and PTC-only tumors. Methods: The retrospective study included 69 cases diagnosed with TCTs (with simultaneous MTC and PTC components), MTC and PTC.

Use of Personalized Biomarkers in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer and the Impact of AI.

Colorectal cancer is a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide and is correlated with genetic and epigenetic alterations in the colonic epithelium. Genetic changes play a major role in the pathophysiology of colorectal cancer through the development of gene mutations, but recent research has shown an important role for epigenetic alterations. In this review, we try to describe the current knowledge about epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, as well as the role of non-coding RNAs as epigenetic regulators and the prognostic and predictive biomarkers in metastatic colorectal disease that can allow increases in the effectiveness of treatments.

Gluten Induces Subtle Histological Changes in Duodenal Mucosa of Patients with Non-Coeliac Gluten Sensitivity: A Multicentre Study.

Background: Histological changes induced by gluten in the duodenal mucosa of patients with non-coeliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) are poorly defined. Objectives: To evaluate the structural and inflammatory features of NCGS compared to controls and coeliac disease (CeD) with milder enteropathy (Marsh I-II). Methods: Well-oriented biopsies of 262 control cases with normal gastroscopy and histologic findings, 261 CeD, and 175 NCGS biopsies from 9 contributing countries were examined.

Clinical and immunohistopathological study of conjunctival melanocytic lesions in pediatric and adolescent patients. A case series.

Background: Conjunctival pigmented neoplasia can be benign, premalignant or malignant tumors. Our study aims to establish the epidemiological, gross morphological and immunohistopathological features of the conjunctival pigmented lesions in pediatric and adolescent patients (<18 years), to establish an accurate diagnosis.

Patients, Material And Methods: This is a retrospective case series study conducted within two Ophthalmology Clinics from Iaşi, Romania, on seven pediatric and adolescent patients.

An algorithm for differentiating food antigen-related gastrointestinal symptoms.

Aim: The aim of this clinical audit was to assess patient-reported outcomes on the effect of dietary intervention, to enhance our understanding of possible treatment options in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Background: A large number of food-related gastro-intestinal disorders have been attributed to IBS for decades.

Methods: Patient-reported outcomes from the records of 149 IBS patients treated at secondary and tertiary Gastroenterology outpatients in two UK hospitals between January 2014 and July 2016 were audited.

Accuracy of a no-biopsy approach for the diagnosis of coeliac disease across different adult cohorts.

Objective: We aimed to determine the predictive capacity and diagnostic yield of a 10-fold increase in serum IgA antitissue transglutaminase (tTG) antibody levels for detecting small intestinal injury diagnostic of coeliac disease (CD) in adult patients.

Design: The study comprised three adult cohorts. Cohort 1: 740 patients assessed in the specialist CD clinic at a UK centre; cohort 2: 532 patients with low suspicion for CD referred for upper GI endoscopy at a UK centre; cohort 3: 145 patients with raised tTG titres from multiple international sites.

New Chimeric Groin Flap: Experimental Model in Rats.

Aim: Increased emphasis is on using tissue substitutes and stem cells to improve flap applicability and survival rates. To accomplish this, the first step is to have a versatile experimental flap, easy to harvest and use as a template. We sought to develop a reliable experimental chimeric groin flap with free mobility and reliable bloods supply that can be twisted, relocated, and integrated easily with other materials.

Role of Ultrahigh Frequency Ultrasound in Evaluating Experimental Flaps.

Background:  Experimental flap follow-up needs faster, safer, and less invasive techniques that can be easily correlated to clinical procedures. For this reason, we aimed to test the role of ultrahigh frequency ultrasound in follow-up of flap viability. Further on, we aimed to analyze if the chimeric groin flap can be mobilized in a sandwiched position without affecting its vascular supply by twisting its pedicle.

Multicentric Reticulohistiocytosis Exhibiting Positive HLA-B*07 and HLA-B*08: A Case Report.

Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis (MRH) is a rare cause of destructive inflammatory arthritis involving both small, as well as larger joints. We report the case of a 40-year-old Caucasian female with a family history of neoplasia who was referred to our service witha two-month history of inflammatory joint pain. On examination, the patient had inflammatory arthritis, mainly involving the peripheral joints, sacroiliac joint pain, and numerous papulonodular mucocutaneous lesions, including periungual "coral beads".

Improvement in serum lipids and liver morphology after supplementation of the diet with fish oil is more evident under regular feeding conditions than under high-fat or mixed diets in rats.

Background: Dietary n polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have a role in preventing cardiovascular and hepatic diseases. However, their effects might differ significantly depending on individual dietary patterns. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with ω-3 fatty acids (FA), administered in different schedules, on hepatic and aortic histological structure, lipid profile, and body weight (BW) in male Wistar rats under standard (SD), high-fat diet (HFD) and mixed feeding conditions.

Correlations between HPV, p53 and p16 in malignancies involving the retromolar trigone-oropharynx junction.

The aim of this study is to enhance knowledge regarding the behavior of human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated malignancies between two territories - maxillofacial and otorhinolaryngology. The HPV status and genotype, p16 and p53 expression were performed in 50 patients with malignancies located at the junction between the oropharynx and retromolar trigone alone or oropharynx spread to the junction. These were correlated with the treatment response, prognosis and survival of this kind of tumor located in oral posterior region, marking the transition between two territories (maxillofacial and otorhinolaryngology) of the selected cases.

Ulcerated intussuscepted jejunal lipoma-uncommon cause of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: A case report.

Background: Intestinal lipomas are rare benign gastrointestinal (GI) tumors, usually asymptomatic, but may become symptomatic as the result of some complications such as intussusception, intestinal obstruction, volvulus or bleeding. They can occur at any site along the entire GI tract, more frequent in colon and rarely in small intestine. The patient reported here is a very rare case of jejunal lipoma, ulcerated and intussuscepted, diagnosed in an adult investigated for a chronic iron deficiency anemia (IDA), and successfully managed by segmental jejunal resection.

Sub-classification of non-inflammatory and inflammatory surgical aortic aneurysms and the association of histological characteristics with potential risk factors.

The present study aimed to analyze the histological characteristics of surgical thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) specimens on the basis of the most recent consensus documents on non-inflammatory and inflammatory lesions. The current study also aimed to establish an association with various risk factors. Aortic wall specimens were collected from 52 patients (38 men and 14 women; age, 19-80 years) undergoing surgery for aortic dilatation at The Cardiovascular Disease Institute (Iasi, Romania).

Ghrelin-producing cells distribution in the stomach and the relation with Helicobacter pylori in obese patients.

Objective: Ghrelin is believed to influence weight evolution after bariatric surgery. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection may influence ghrelin plasma levels by affecting the ghrelin-producing cells (GPC) in the stomach.

Visual criteria in small bowel tumors detected by capsule endoscopy - morphological description and correlations with histological type.

Introduction: Small bowel tumors (SBTs) are rare. The advent of small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) revolutionized the diagnosis of small bowel pathology, the SBCE major breakthrough consequently doubled the diagnostic rate of SBTs. Being a visual technique, without ability to take biopsies, SBCE has limitations in the diagnostic work-up of SBTs.

Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging: A Cutting-Edge Method for Diagnosing Digestive Cancers.

The Terahertz's wavelength is located between the microwave and the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Because it is non-ionizing and non-invasive, Terahertz (THz)-based detection represents a very attractive tool for repeated assessments, patient monitoring, and follow-up. Cancer acts as the second leading cause of death in many regions, and current predictions estimate a continuous increasing trend.

Conjunctival melanocytic tumors in children - a challenge in diagnosis and treatment.

Conjunctival melanocytic lesions are very diverse pigmented tumors that include benign, premalignant and malignant tumors. The aim of this article is to highlight the clinical and histopathological aspects of conjunctival melanocytic tumors at children. This study is a retrospective case series study of three patients selected from fifteen cases with melanocytic conjunctival tumors who were operated in the Department of Ophthalmology, "St.