Publications by authors named "Danai Zachpoulou"
Crit Care Nurse
February 2024
Article Synopsis
- A literature review was conducted to identify biomarkers that can objectively evaluate pain in critically ill children, focusing on studies involving saliva, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and gingival crevicular fluid.
- Most studies utilized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and found associations between various cytokines, peptides, and hormones with pain, stress, and inflammation.
- The review concluded that several easily obtainable biomarkers are linked to pain in children, recommending further observational studies to assess their effectiveness for pain assessment in a clinical context.
