Early Parental Knowledge and Parent-Child Conversations Promote Preschool Language Skills: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: This randomized controlled trial examined the long-term impact of the 3Ts-HV intervention on preschool-aged children's language skills through promoting parental knowledge and parent-child conversational turns during toddlerhood among families from low-socioeconomic status backgrounds, controlling for parental education level, parental language skills, and child's age.

Methods: Ninety two parent-toddler dyads of low socioeconomic status were randomized to receive either the 3Ts-HV intervention (n = 46) or Healthy Lifestyle control (n = 46) curriculum from 14 to 20 months. Parental language skills were assessed at 14 months; parental knowledge was assessed at 14 and 26 months; parent-child conversational turn count was assessed at 14 and 38 months; children's language skills were assessed at 50 months.

Video-Based Anticipatory Guidance on Early Cognitive and Language Development in the First 6 Months: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

This randomized controlled trial showed that video-based anticipatory guidance implemented at well-child visits in the first 6 months increased knowledge of early cognitive and language development (P < .001), which in turn promoted cognitive growth fostering behaviors among parents of low socioeconomic status (95% CI 0.09-0.

The Role of Open Science Practices in Scaling Evidence-Based Prevention Programs.

The goal of creating evidence-based programs is to scale them at sufficient breadth to support population-level improvements in critical outcomes. However, this promise is challenging to fulfill. One of the biggest issues for the field is the reduction in effect sizes seen when a program is taken to scale.

Using Human-Centered Design in Personalized Anticipatory Guidance: Enriching Anticipatory Guidance on Early Cognitive and Language Development.

In this study, we aimed to create a novel tool to assist providers at 2 Chicago-area Federally Qualified Health Centers in giving guidance on early cognitive and language development during well-child visits. We utilized a human-centered design (HCD) process to address specific barriers to providing this guidance and create a tool shaped by the needs of providers and parents. Phase I involved collaborative prototype design; phase II involved implementation, feedback gathering, and responsive iterations of the tool; and phase III involved a collective review of the HCD process.

Shifting parental beliefs about child development to foster parental investments and improve school readiness outcomes.

Socioeconomic gaps in child development open up early, with associated disparities in parental investments in children. Understanding the drivers of these disparities is key to designing effective policies. We first show that parental beliefs about the impact of early parental investments differ across socioeconomic status (SES), with parents of higher SES being more likely to believe that parental investments impact child development.

Leveraging the universal newborn hearing screen to impact parental knowledge of childhood speech development in low socioeconomic populations: A randomized clinical trial.

Objective: To determine the impact of a video intervention administered at the time of the universal newborn hearing screen on caregiver knowledge of infant cognitive and language development in low socioeconomic status English-speaking parents.

Methods: A parallel-group, single-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted from April to August 2016. Eligible participants were at least 18 years, delivered a singleton neonate, English speaking, and designated as low socioeconomic status based on household income and level of education.

What Parents Know Matters: Parental Knowledge at Birth Predicts Caregiving Behaviors at 9 Months.

Objective: To examine the mediating role of socioeconomically disadvantaged parents' knowledge of early cognitive and language development at the first postpartum visit in the relation between education and caregiving behaviors at 9 months.

Study Design: Parental knowledge was assessed at the 1-week newborn visit (n = 468); anticipatory guidance received and desired at 1-month (n = 212) and 6-month (n = 191) visits were reported; and caregiving behaviors toward infants during a teaching task were observed at 9-month visit (n = 173).

Results: We found substantial variation in knowledge and caregiving behaviors.

Parent-directed intervention in promoting knowledge of pediatric nutrition and healthy lifestyle among low-SES families with toddlers: A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the efficacy of an interactive, home visiting curriculum tailored to low socio-economic status families in improving parental knowledge of paediatric nutrition and healthy lifestyle.

Methods: Parents of toddlers aged 13-16 months living with a household income below 200% of the federal poverty line were randomized into healthy lifestyle intervention and control home visiting curriculum groups. Each curriculum consisted of 12 one-on-one educational sessions with parents facilitated by a trained home-visitor that were administered over a 6-month intervention period.

Educating Parents About Infant Language Development: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

A total of 427 women (aged 18-45 years) who delivered a singleton neonate without serious medical complications were randomized to watch either an educational intervention (n = 225) or the sudden infant death syndrome (n = 202) video. Linear mixed models showed that the intervention women significantly gained knowledge over time. Knowledge gain was largest among high-socioeconomic status (high-SES) and middle-SES English-speaking, smaller among low-SES Spanish-speaking, and nonsignificant among low-SES English-speaking women.

Project ASPIRE: Spoken Language Intervention Curriculum for Parents of Low-socioeconomic Status and Their Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Children.

Objective: To investigate the impact of a spoken language intervention curriculum aiming to improve the language environments caregivers of low socioeconomic status (SES) provide for their D/HH children with CI & HA to support children's spoken language development.

Study Design: Quasiexperimental.

Setting: Tertiary.

A parent-directed language intervention for children of low socioeconomic status: a randomized controlled pilot study.

We designed a parent-directed home-visiting intervention targeting socioeconomic status (SES) disparities in children's early language environments. A randomized controlled trial was used to evaluate whether the intervention improved parents' knowledge of child language development and increased the amount and diversity of parent talk. Twenty-three mother-child dyads (12 experimental, 11 control, aged 1;5-3;0) participated in eight weekly hour-long home-visits.

Parent-directed approaches to enrich the early language environments of children living in poverty.

Children's early language environments are critical for their cognitive development, school readiness, and ultimate educational attainment. Significant disparities exist in these environments, with profound and lasting impacts upon children's ultimate outcomes. Children from backgrounds of low socioeconomic status experience diminished language inputs and enter school at a disadvantage, with disparities persisting throughout their educational careers.

Predictors of persistent sleep apnea after surgery in children younger than 3 years.

Importance: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder in children and can lead to important sequelae. Predictors of persistent OSA after adenotonsillectomy (T&A) in younger children are not well studied.

Objective: To evaluate residual OSA in a subgroup of children younger than 3 years after T&A and identify predictors of postoperative residual disease.

Effect of fluticasone furoate on interleukin 6 secretion from adenoid tissues in children with obstructive sleep apnea.

Objective: To determine the effect of intranasal corticosteroid therapy on T-regulatory cells and other inflammatory cytokines in adenoid tissues in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Design: Randomized, prospective, exploratory study.

Setting: Academic pediatric otolaryngology practice in a tertiary care children's hospital.

Distal esophageal foreign bodies: is it a common occurrence post-fundoplication requiring immediate intervention?

Objective: Dysphagia secondary to "tight" distal esophageal wraps are a well-known complication of Nissen fundoplication (NF). However, the literature makes no mention of distal esophageal foreign bodies (DEFB) appearing after NF. This study was undertaken to determine the occurrence of asymptomatic DEFB in children post-fundoplication.

Near-complete tracheal ring deformity: a case report.

Long-segment near-complete tracheal ring deformity is a rare condition with few documented cases. We present the case of a 7-week-old male with total anomalous pulmonary venous return and long-segment near-complete tracheal rings. We discuss the presentation, evaluation, and management of near-complete and complete tracheal rings.

Increased isolation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in pediatric head and neck abscesses.

Objective: To compare the proportion of community-associated, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in pediatric head and neck abscesses between 2 study periods.

Design: Retrospective case review.

Setting: Tertiary care pediatric otolaryngology practice.

Improved infant swallowing after gastroesophageal reflux disease treatment: a function of improved laryngeal sensation?

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe improvements in pediatric swallowing after gastroesophageal reflux treatment.

Study Design: The authors conducted a retrospective database and chart review at two tertiary care children's hospitals.

Participants: Patients (21 males, 7 females) ranged in age from 1 to 32 months.