Silk fibers and silk-producing organs of Harpactea rubicunda (C. L. Koch 1838) (Araneae, Dysderidae).

Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to study the silk spinning apparatus and silks of Harpactea rubicunda spiders. Three types of silk secretions that are produced by three kinds of silk spinning glands (ampullate, piriform, and pseudaciniform) and released through three types of spigots, were confirmed for both adult and juvenile spiders. Silk secretions for the construction of spider webs for shelter or retreat are produced by the pseudaciniform silk glands.

Egg sac silk of Theridiosoma gemmosum (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae).

Cocoons of Theridiosoma gemmosum consist of two main parts, the egg sac case and the stalk. The inner space of the egg sac case is filled with nonsticky flocculent silk. Measuring 600-800 nm in diameter, the flocculent threads are never made up of bundles of longitudinally oriented nanofibrils.

Spinning activity of the spider Trogloneta granulum (Araneae, Mysmenidae): web, cocoon, cocoon handling behaviour, draglines and attachment discs.

The spider species Trogloneta granulum, which in the wild lives inside scree slopes, builds three-dimensional orb webs. During egg-laying and egg sac building, the females stay with their dorsa down at the central part of the web. In this process, the hub is used as a platform.