Dietary intake of plant polyphenols: Exploring trend in the Czech population.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine trend in polyphenol consumption in the Czech Republic during the last three decades. Additionally, it provides a brief overview of the beneficial effects of polyphenols in several body systems.

Methods: Data from the Phenol-Explorer 3.

Modern Management of Cardiometabolic Continuum: From Overweight/Obesity to Prediabetes/Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Recommendations from the Eastern and Southern Europe Diabetes and Obesity Expert Group.

The increasing global incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) underscores the urgency of addressing these interconnected health challenges. Obesity enhances genetic and environmental influences on T2D, being not only a primary risk factor but also exacerbating its severity. The complex mechanisms linking obesity and T2D involve adiposity-driven changes in β-cell function, adipose tissue functioning, and multi-organ insulin resistance (IR).

Obesity pharmacotherapy - update 2023.

The increasing prevalence of obesity and its associated complications leads to the need to intensify its prevention and treatment. The treatment of obesity is currently based on lifestyle modification, which often fails in the long term. For the next decade, the long-term administration of anti-obesity drugs, i.

Obesogens in Foods.

Obesogens, as environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals, are supposed to have had an impact on the prevalence of rising obesity around the world over the last forty years. These chemicals are probably able to contribute not only to the development of obesity and metabolic disturbances in individuals, but also in their progeny, having the capability to epigenetically reprogram genetically inherited set-up points for body weight and body composition control during critical periods of development, such as fetal, early life, and puberty. In individuals, they may act on myriads of neuro-endocrine-immune metabolic regulatory pathways, leading to pathophysiological consequences in adipogenesis, lipogenesis, lipolysis, immunity, the influencing of central appetite and energy expenditure regulations, changes in gut microbiota-intestine functioning, and many other processes.

Chronic DDE Exposure Modifies Mitochondrial Respiration during Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Mature Adipocytes.

The contribution of environmental pollutants to the obesity pandemic is still not yet fully recognized. Elucidating possible cellular and molecular mechanisms of their effects is of high importance. Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of chronic, 21-day-long, 2,2-bis (4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichlorethylenedichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) exposure of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells committed to adipogenesis on mitochondrial oxygen consumption on days 4, 10, and 21.

Medical nutrition therapy of obesity and its metabolic complications.

Diet therapy of obesity and its metabolic complications is focused on the reversal of chronic positive energy balance, systemic inflammation and adipose tissue dysfunction. The priority in the treatment is caloric restriction together with increased nutritional quality, prevention of nutritional deficits, care of intestinal microbioma, reduction of the organism's exposure to contaminants and increase of the protective components in the diet. The recommended daily energy dose ranges from very low-calorie diets (1.

Adult obese patient in primary care.

Overweight and obesity prevalence in middle aged subjects in the Czech Republic is more than 50 per cent, obesity is found in around 26 per cent of population. Obesity management is a long-term and time-consuming process. Early start of the treatment can prevent continuous weight gain and development of co-morbidities.

Obesity and COVID-19: A Perspective from the European Association for the Study of Obesity on Immunological Perturbations, Therapeutic Challenges, and Opportunities in Obesity.

Accumulating evidence suggests that obesity is a major risk factor for the initiation, progression, and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), as a scientific and medical society dedicated to the promotion of health and well-being, is greatly concerned about the concomitant obesity and COVID-19 pandemics and their impact on health and society at large. In this perspective, we will address the inherent immunological perturbations and alterations in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in patients with obesity and COVID-19, and discuss how these impairments may underlie the increased susceptibility and more detrimental outcomes of COVID-19 in people with obesity.

Obesity and COVID-19: The Two Sides of the Coin.

The World Health Organization declared COVID-19, the infectious disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, a pandemic on March 12, 2020. COVID-19 is causing massive health problems and economic suffering around the world. The European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) promptly recognised the impact that the outbreak could have on people with obesity.

Effect of n-3 fatty acids supplementation during life style modification in women with overweight.

Objective: The marine n-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) exert numerous beneficial effects on health, but their potency to defend against development of peripheral insulin resistance of healthy person with overweight remains poorly characterized. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a combination intervention using EPA + DHA and the lifestyle modification (LSM) in women with overweight.

Method: In a parallel-group, three-arm, randomized trial (UMIN Clinical Trials Registry - R000031131), 34 women were assigned to a 12-week-intervention using corn oil (1.

The origin and development of fat droplet and its role in health and illness.

Lipid droplets are found in most cells, where they are needed for lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. Their biogenesis is still not entirely described process, in which an organelle with monomolecular layer on the surface originates from two-layer membrane of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Large lipid droplets can be formed either by growth or by fusion of smaller lipid droplets.

A Proposal of the European Association for the Study of Obesity to Improve the ICD-11 Diagnostic Criteria for Obesity Based on the Three Dimensions Etiology, Degree of Adiposity and Health Risk.

Diagnostic criteria for complex medical conditions caused by a multitude of both genetic and environmental factors should be descriptive and avoid any attribution of causality. Furthermore, the wording used to describe a disorder should be evidence-based and avoid stigmatization of the affected individuals. Both terminology and categorizations should be readily comprehensible for healthcare professionals and guide clinical decision making.

Urine Levels of Phthalate Metabolites and Bisphenol A in Relation to Main Metabolic Syndrome Components: Dyslipidemia, Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes. A Pilot Study.

Aim: Human exposure to organic pollutants (some of them also called endocrine disruptors) can be associated with adverse metabolic health outcomes including type 2 diabetes. The goal of this study was to compare the urine levels of bisphenol A and phthalate metabolites in subgroups of patients with metabolic syndrome composed of patients with and without three important components of metabolic syndrome (hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes).

Methods: We have investigated 24 hr urine samples of 168 patients with metabolic syndrome from the Metabolic Outpatient Department of General University Hospital in Prague.

Phthalates exposure indicators determined by urinary phthalate metabolites in healthy non-obese Czech adults: FANTOM study.

It is assumed that human exposure to phthalates may be associated with adverse health effects. The indicators of urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations in healthy adults are limited. In this study, the phthalate metabolites concentrations were detected from 24-h urine collection in non-obese Czech adults (n = 201).

[Potential sources of phthalates and bisphenol A and their significance in the development of metabolic diseases].

Nowadays, there is increasing evidence showing that the development of the metabolic syndrome combining obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia involves except of traditional risk factors (overnutrition, lack of physical activity, genetic predisposition) also the effect of environmental organic substances called organic pollutants or endocrine disruptors. These chemicals can be found in plastic covers, paints, flame retardants, exhaust gases, fertilizers as well as diverse daily utensils. Phthalates, used primarily as plasticizers, and bisphenol A, are among the most wide-spread members of this group.

Mitochondria in White, Brown, and Beige Adipocytes.

Mitochondria play a key role in energy metabolism in many tissues, including cardiac and skeletal muscle, brain, liver, and adipose tissue. Three types of adipose depots can be identified in mammals, commonly classified according to their colour appearance: the white (WAT), the brown (BAT), and the beige/brite/brown-like (bAT) adipose tissues. WAT is mainly involved in the storage and mobilization of energy and BAT is predominantly responsible for nonshivering thermogenesis.

Dramatic decrease in muscular fitness in the Czech schoolchildren over the Last 20 years.

Aim: Obesity and physical inactivity had already reached epidemic, becoming one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. The objective of this study was to investigate the current level and a nearly three decades' trend of muscular fitness (MF) and the nutritional state of Czech children.

Methods: In 2013, cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted in schoolchildren with examination of the anthropometric characteristics and measured MF using a UNIFIT test, which normative for MF categories was given as results of national monitoring data collected in 1987.

PERSISTENT ORGANOCHLORINE POLLUTANTS IN OBESE WOMEN AFTER DIET INDUCED WEIGHT LOSS: FIVE YEARS FOLLOW UP STUDY.

Aim: Persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs) from the environment are still bioaccumulating in human tissues. The aim of our study was to analyze the development of plasma POPs levels in obese women in relationship with their weight loss success in five year follow-up study.

Methods: 20 obese women aged 25-73 years were studied just before and after having completed a 3 month controlled low calorie diet (LCD) intervention (5 MJ daily), and again after 6 and 60 months since the beginning of the study.

Heavy metals in hair samples: a pilot study of anaemic children in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan.

Background: Heavy metals with their potential haematotoxic effect can contribute to the risks of anaemia in children in the Central Asian Republics (CAR), where burden and exposure to these metals is still not sufficiently known and reported.

Methods: Cross-sectional study was performed in Central Asian countries in hospitals in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan with the aim to investigate the potential contribution of heavy metals to anaemia in children. In each country, 20 children were recruited, all were hospitalised with diagnosed anaemia.

[Obesity prevention].

Obesity is chronic disease, with increased prevalence since sixties of last century, now widespread as well in developing countries, not only in developed countries, like on the beginning. Obesity with its co-morbidities reduces longitude and quality of life. Treatment and indirect costs of obesity are rising and economically demanding.

Biological models for phytochemical research: from cell to human organism.

Nutrigenomics represents a shift of nutrition research from epidemiology and physiology to molecular biology and genetics. Nutrigenomics seeks to understand nutrition influences on homeostasis, the mechanism of genetic predispositions for diseases, to identify the genes influencing risk of diet related diseases. This review presents some in vitro models applicable in nutrigenomic studies, and discusses the use of animal models, their advantages and limitations and relevance for human situation.

Impact of breast-feeding promotion on infant feeding in the Czech Republic.

Objectives: To assess infant feeding practices, identify factors that influence the duration of exclusive breast-feeding, and evaluate the impact of the National Breastfeeding Promotion Programme in the Czech Republic.

Hypothesis: We predicted the positive effect of the program in terms of increased prevalence of breast-feeding at discharge from the hospital and 6 months later.

Design: Multicenter cross-sectional survey.