Consuming hurricane-related media: The protective role of perceived trust.

Objective: We examined whether perceived trust in media was associated with post-Hurricane Harvey traumatic stress symptoms and tested whether it buffered the association between hurricane-related media exposure and post-Hurricane Harvey traumatic stress symptoms.

Method: A probability-based, representative sample of Texas residents, drawn from the GfK KnowledgePanel, were surveyed online three times: 2 weeks ( = 1,137), 6 weeks ( = 1,023), and 14 months ( = 748) after Hurricane Harvey (a Category 4 storm) made landfall in 2017. Measures included traumatic stress symptoms, Hurricane Harvey-related media exposure, perceived trust in that media, Hurricane Harvey exposures, and demographics.

Efficacy of yoga for posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Yoga is an increasingly popular complementary intervention to reduce posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and related comorbidities, but its safety and treatment efficacy are not firmly established. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing randomized control trials (RCTs) of yoga interventions for PTSD and related secondary outcomes (e.g.

Finding benefits during collective stress: A study of health behaviors in a longitudinal representative U.S. sample during the COVID-19 era.

Objective: Cognitive strategies like finding benefits during adversity may facilitate coping during collective stressors (like COVID-19) by reducing distress or motivating health protective behaviors.

Method: We explored relationships between benefit finding, collective- and individual-level adversity exposure, psychological distress, and health protective behaviors using longitudinal data collected during the COVID-19 era from a representative, probability-based sample of U.S.

It matters what you see: Graphic media images of war and terror may amplify distress.

Media exposure to graphic images of violence has proliferated in contemporary society, particularly with the advent of social media. Extensive exposure to media coverage immediately after the 9/11 attacks and the Boston Marathon bombings (BMB) was associated with more early traumatic stress symptoms; in fact, several hours of BMB-related daily media exposure was a stronger correlate of distress than being directly exposed to the bombings themselves. Researchers have replicated these findings across different traumatic events, extending this work to document that exposure to graphic images is independently and significantly associated with stress symptoms and poorer functioning.

Climate change anxiety, hurricane exposure, and climate change actions and attitudes: results from a representative, probability-based survey of US Gulf Coast residents.

Background: Exposure to climate change-related threats (eg, hurricanes) has been associated with mental health symptoms, including post-traumatic stress symptoms. Yet it is unclear whether climate change anxiety, which is understudied in representative samples, is a specific mental health threat, action motivator, or both, particularly in populations exposed to climate-change related disasters. We sought to examine the associations between exposure to hurricanes, climate change anxiety, and climate change actions and attitudes in a representative sample of US Gulf Coast residents.

Can mindfulness-based interventions reduce PTSD symptoms? An umbrella review.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating, often chronic condition with substantial cross-national lifetime prevalence. Although mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) may help reduce PTSD symptoms, efficacy results are inconsistent. Despite many systematic reviews (SRs) examining MBIs for PTSD, SR quality has been neither evaluated nor synthesized.

A longitudinal investigation of risk perceptions and adaptation behavior in the US Gulf Coast.

Climate change is occurring more rapidly than expected, requiring that people quickly and continually adapt to reduce human suffering. The reality is that climate change-related threats are unpredictable; thus, adaptive behavior must be continually performed even when threat saliency decreases (e.g.

Contrasting Objective and Perceived Risk: Predicting COVID-19 Health Behaviors in a Nationally Representative U.S. Sample.

Background: Individuals confronting health threats may display an optimistic bias such that judgments of their risk for illness or death are unrealistically positive given their objective circumstances.

Purpose: We explored optimistic bias for health risks using k-means clustering in the context of COVID-19. We identified risk profiles using subjective and objective indicators of severity and susceptibility risk for COVID-19.

Pilot randomized controlled trial of biofeedback on reducing psychological and physiological stress among persons experiencing homelessness.

People experiencing homelessness report increased exposure to traumatic life events and higher rates of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder as compared with the general population. Heart rate variability-biofeedback (HRV-BF) has been shown to decrease symptoms of stress, anxiety, depression, and PTSD. However, HRV-BF has not been tested with the most vulnerable of populations, homeless adults.

Associations between mindfulness and mental health after collective trauma: results from a longitudinal, representative, probability-based survey.

Background/objectives: Trait mindfulness (TM) may protect against post-trauma mental health ailments and related impairment. Few studies have evaluated this association in the context of collective traumas using representative samples or longitudinal designs.

Design/method: We explored relationships between TM and collective trauma-related outcomes in a prospective, representative, probability-based sample of 1846 U.

Adaptation of a mindfulness-based intervention for trauma-exposed, unhoused women with substance use disorder.

Objective: Women experiencing homelessness (WEH) report exceedingly high rates of trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and substance use disorder (SUD). Mindfulness-based interventions including Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) may help lower traumatic stress-related symptoms and reduce SUD, but have been underexplored in community-based settings serving WEH with symptoms of PTSD and SUD.

Method: We used a mixed-method, community-engaged approach that implemented a Community Advisory Board and the ADAPT-ITT (assessment, decision, adaptation, production, topical experts, integration, training, testing) framework, including intervention demonstrations, to adapt and refine MBSR for WEH experiencing symptoms of PTSD/SUD.

Media exposure, risk perceptions, and fear: Americans' behavioral responses to the Ebola public health crisis.

We examined media exposure, psychological fear and worry, perceptions of risk, and health protective behaviors surrounding the 2014 Ebola virus outbreak in a probability-based, representative, national sample of Americans (N = 3447). Structural equation models examined relationships between amount (hours/day) and content (e.g.

Correlates of SARS-CoV-2 anti-RBD IgG antibody titers among persons experiencing homelessness in Los Angeles.

Objectives: People experiencing homelessness (PEH) have been especially impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, likely due to increased vulnerabilities stemming from chronic diseases, substance use, and mental health conditions.

Design: A case-control study to assess the presence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 among PEH and associations with key variables.

Sample: A convenience sample of 97 PEH in Skid Row, Los Angeles.

Assessing Perception of Wildfires and Related Impacts among Adult Residents of Southern California.

Major wildfires and their smoke pose a threat to public health and are becoming more frequent in the United States, particularly in California and other populated, fire-prone states. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how California residents view wildfires and engage in risk-reducing behaviors during wildfire events. Currently, there is a knowledge gap concerning this area of inquiry.

Psychological responses to U.S. statewide restrictions and COVID-19 exposures: A longitudinal study.

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has generated debate as to whether community-level behavioral restrictions are worth the emotional costs of such restrictions. Using a longitudinal design, we juxtaposed the relative impacts of state-level restrictions and case counts with person-level direct and media-based exposures on distress, loneliness, and traumatic stress symptoms (TSS) during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.

Method: From March 18, 2020 to April 18, 2020 and September 9, 2020 to October 16, 2020, a representative probability sample of U.

Media exposure, threat processing, and mitigation behaviors in Gulf Coast residents facing the co-occurring threats of COVID-19 and hurricanes.

The 2020 hurricane season threatened millions of Americans concurrently grappling with COVID-19. Processes guiding individual-level mitigation for these conceptually distinct threats, one novel and chronic (COVID-19), the other familiar and episodic (hurricanes), are unknown. Theories of health protective behaviors suggest that inputs from external stimuli (e.

A multi-method exploration of mindfulness as a coping tool: Perspectives from trauma-exposed, unhoused women residing at a drug treatment facility.

This multi-method study examined perspectives on mindfulness and coping strategies used by trauma-exposed women experiencing homelessness (WEH), residing in a state-funded residential drug treatment site in Southern California (United States). Questionnaires and in-depth focus group interviews were utilised to examine traumatic experiences over the lifespan, probable-posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and coping strategies. Mindfulness was explored as a potential way to improve coping; potential benefits and challenges associated with implementing a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) with trauma-exposed WEH were also investigated.

Distortions in time perception during collective trauma: Insights from a national longitudinal study during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: During the protracted collective trauma of the COVID-19 pandemic, lay of distorted perceptions of time (e.g., time slowing, days blurring together, uncertainty about the future) have been widespread.

Priming close social contact protective behaviors enhances protective social norms perceptions, protection views, and self-protective behaviors during disasters.

Many people do not make choices that minimize risk in the face of health and environmental threats. Using pre-registered analyses, we tested whether a risk communication that primed perceptions about health-protective preparation and behavior of close social contacts promoted protection views and protective behaviors. From December 10-24, 2020, we fielded a 2 (threat vignette: wildfire or COVID-19) x 3 (social contact prime: control, inaction, or action) experiment to a representative sample of 1,108 California residents facing increased COVID-19 cases/deaths, who had recently experienced the most destructive wildfire season in California history.

Association Between Repeated Exposure to Hurricanes and Mental Health in a Representative Sample of Florida Residents.

Importance: During the past century, more than 100 catastrophic hurricanes have impacted the Florida coast; climate change will likely be associated with increases in the intensity of future storms. Despite these annual threats to residents, to our knowledge, no longitudinal studies of representative samples at risk of hurricane exposure have examined psychological outcomes associated with repeated exposure.

Objective: To assess psychosocial and mental health outcomes and functional impairment associated with repeated hurricane exposure.

Acute stress, worry, and impairment in health care and non-health care essential workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: Health care and non-health care essential workers working in face-to-face interactions during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may be vulnerable to psychosocial distress. Limited empirical research on COVID-19-related psychosocial outcomes has utilized probability-based samples including both health care and non-health care essential workers.

Method: We surveyed a sample of 1,821 United States self-identified essential workers, collected using probability-based methods, working in face-to-face interactions during the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak (March 18, 2020 through April 18, 2020), in three consecutive 10-day cohorts.

Earthquake exposure, adverse childhood experiences, and psychosocial functioning in Chilean children: A longitudinal study.

The impact of an 8.8 magnitude Chilean earthquake on elementary school students' psychosocial functioning was assessed along with exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Skills for Life, a national school-based mental health program in Chile, routinely assesses first- and third-grade students' psychosocial functioning and classroom adaptation.

Risk perceptions and health behaviors as COVID-19 emerged in the United States: Results from a probability-based nationally representative sample.

Understanding psychosocial correlates of engaging in health-protective behaviors during an infectious disease outbreak can inform targeted intervention strategies. We surveyed a national probability-based sample of 6,514 Americans, with three separate, consecutive representative cohorts between March 18, 2020 and April 18, 2020, as the U.S.

Effect of a Nurse-Led Community Health Worker Intervention on Latent Tuberculosis Medication Completion Among Homeless Adults.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) disproportionately affects marginalized and impoverished homeless adults. Although active TB can be prevented by treating latent TB infection (LTBI), individual factors, such as high prevalence of depression and anxiety, drug and alcohol use, and unstable housing, lead to poor LTBI treatment adherence and completion among homeless adults.

Objectives: We hypothesized that the delivery of a tailored nurse-led, community health worker (RN/CHW) program across the LTBI continuum of care (e.