Molecular and Metabolomic Investigation of Celecoxib Antiproliferative Activity in Mono-and Combination Therapy against Breast Cancer Cell Models.

Background: Chronic inflammation plays a crucial role in the initiation, promotion, and invasion of tumors, and thus the antiproliferative effects of numerous anti-inflammatory drugs have been frequently reported in the literature. Upregulation of the pro-inflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been linked to various human cancers, including breast cancer.

Objectives: This research aims to investigate the antiproliferative activity of different Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including COX-2 selective and non-selective agents, against various breast cancer cell lines and to elucidate possible molecular pathways involved in their activity.