Gender Bias and Ophthalmology Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Milestones Evaluations.

Importance: Women remain underrepresented in ophthalmology and gender-based disparities exist in salary, grant receipt, publication rates, and surgical volume throughout training and in practice. Although studies in emergency medicine and general surgery showed mixed findings regarding gender differences in Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Milestones ratings, limited data exist examining such differences within ophthalmology.

Objective: To examine gender differences in ophthalmology ACGME Milestones.

Trends and Surgeon Variations in Early Regrafts After Endothelial Keratoplasty: Analysis of the National Medicare Data Set.

Purpose: The aims of this study were to determine national-level trends in early regraft rates and examine patient-level and surgeon-level characteristics associated with early regrafts.

Methods: This was a retrospective, cohort study. We identified beneficiaries aged 65 years or older in the 2011 to 2020 Medicare carrier claims data set who underwent Endothelial keratoplasty (EK) and subsequently underwent an early regraft.

Association Between Parental Leave and Ophthalmology Resident Physician Performance.

Importance: Although parental leave is essential in enhancing resident wellness and fostering inclusive workplace environments, residents may often feel discouraged from using parental leave owing to perceived stigma and concerns about possible negative effects on their training.

Objective: To examine parental leave usage across multiple institutions and compare residency performance metrics between residents who took parental leave vs their peers who did not take leave.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a retrospective cross-sectional analysis conducted from April 1, 2020, to July 28, 2022, of educational records.

Use of neuroimaging to measure neurocognitive engagement in health professions education: a scoping review.

Purpose: To map the current literature on functional neuroimaging use in medical education research as a novel measurement modality for neurocognitive engagement, learning, and expertise development.

Method: We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, ERIC, and Web of Science, and hand-searched reference lists of relevant articles on April 4, 2019, and updated the search on July 7, 2020. Two authors screened the abstracts and then full-text articles for eligibility based on inclusion criteria.

Perioperative management and considerations in pediatric patients with connective tissue disorders undergoing cardiac surgery.

Background: Marfan syndrome and Loeys-Dietz syndrome are connective tissue disorders associated with cardiac and vascular disease. Patients often require surgical repair, but limited data exist to describe their perioperative management.

Aims: Our goals were to review the perioperative features of patients with Marfan and Loeys-Dietz syndrome that may affect anesthesia care and to describe the differences in preoperative clinical characteristics and intra-operative anesthetic management.

The Phenotypic Effects of Royal Jelly on Wild-Type D. melanogaster Are Strain-Specific.

The role for royal jelly (RJ) in promoting caste differentiation of honeybee larvae into queens rather than workers is well characterized. A recent study demonstrated that this poorly understood complex nutrition drives strikingly similar phenotypic effects in Drosophila melanogaster, such as increased body size and reduced developmental time, making possible the use of D. melanogaster as a model system for the genetic analysis of the cellular mechanisms underlying RJ and caste differentiation.