Hepatic lipase gene -514C>T variant is associated with exercise training-induced changes in VLDL and HDL by lipoprotein lipase.

Our objective was to test the hypothesis that a common polymorphism in the hepatic lipase (HL) gene (LIPC -514C>T, rs1800588) influences aerobic exercise training-induced changes in TG, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) through genotype-specific increases in lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and that sex may affect these responses. Seventy-six sedentary overweight to obese men and women aged 50-75 yr at risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) underwent a 24-wk prospective study of the LIPC -514 genotype-specific effects of exercise training on lipoproteins measured enzymatically and by nuclear magnetic resonance, postheparin LPL and HL activities, body composition by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and computer tomography scan, and aerobic capacity. CT genotype subjects had higher baseline total cholesterol, HDL-C, HDL(2)-C, large HDL, HDL particle size, and large LDL than CC homozygotes.

APOE genotype affects black-white responses of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol subspecies to aerobic exercise training.

The objective of the study was to determine whether ethnicity interacts with the APOE genotype to influence conventionally measured high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) subfraction levels and nuclear magnetic resonance-measured (HDL(NMR)-C) particle size at baseline and after training, and the changes with training. After a 6-week dietary stabilization period, men and postmenopausal women 50 to 75 years old underwent baseline testing (NMR lipid, maximum oxygen consumption, body composition, and genotyping assessments). Tests were repeated after completing 24 weeks of endurance exercise training.

Variation in the human lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1) gene is associated with plasma soluble LOX-1 levels.

The lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1) expressed on vascular cells plays a major role in atherogenesis by internalizing and degrading oxidized low-density lipoprotein. LOX-1 can be cleaved from the cell surface and released as soluble LOX-1 (sLOX-1), and elevated sLOX-1 levels may be indicative of atherosclerotic plaque instability. We examined associations between the LOX-1 gene 3'UTR-C/T and G501C polymorphisms and plasma sLOX-1 levels in 97 healthy older men and women.

Elevated soluble lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (sLOX-1) levels in obese postmenopausal women.

We investigated the association between soluble lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (sLOX-1) levels and obesity in older women. Fifty-one postmenopausal women (10 lean, 22 overweight, and 19 obese) were included in this small retrospective analysis. Plasma sLOX-1 levels were measured using a chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunoassay.

Association between KCNJ11 E23K genotype and cardiovascular and glucose metabolism phenotypes in older men and women.

Our objective was to investigate the relationship between the E23K genetic variant in the KCNJ11 gene, which encodes for the Kir6.2 subunit of the inward rectifier K+ channel family, and glucose and insulin metabolism and cardiovascular (CV) function in the sedentary state and their responses to exercise training. Two hundred and fourteen healthy sedentary men and women aged 50-75 years old and free of CV disease and type 2 diabetes underwent baseline testing (maximal oxygen consumption (Vo2max), body composition and glucose tolerance).

Differential aerobic exercise-induced changes in plasma aldosterone between African Americans and Caucasians.

Aldosterone influences the kidney's regulation of blood pressure (BP), but aldosterone can contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension. Blood pressure is reduced with aerobic exercise training (AEX), but the extent to which plasma aldosterone (PA) levels change is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine whether 6 months of AEX changed PA levels, 24 h sodium (Na(+)) excretion and BP in prehypertensive and hypertensive subjects and whether these changes differed according to ethnicity.

Exercise training-induced changes in coagulation factors in older adults.

Unlabelled: The coagulation cascade plays a critical role in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Elevated plasma prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (F1 + 2) and factor VIII antigen (FVIII:Ag) levels have been associated with a hypercoagulable state, enhancing the risk for vascular thrombotic events. Aerobic training is known to reduce CVD risk, and an improved coagulation profile may contribute to this reduction.

Endurance exercise training raises high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lowers small low-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein independent of body fat phenotypes in older men and women.

Endurance exercise training improves plasma lipoprotein and lipid profiles and reduces cardiovascular disease risk. However, the effect of endurance exercise training, independent of diet and body fat phenotypes, on plasma lipoprotein subfraction particle concentration, size, and composition as measured by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is not known. We hypothesized that 24 weeks of endurance exercise training would independently improve plasma lipoprotein and lipid profiles as assessed by both conventional and novel NMR measurement techniques.

C-reactive protein genotype affects exercise training-induced changes in insulin sensitivity.

An etiologic role for chronic inflammation in the development of insulin resistance has been hypothesized. We determined whether the -732A/G and +219G/A C-reactive protein (CRP) gene variants affect insulin and glucose measures and whether these variants affect training-related changes in insulin sensitivity and glucose measures. Men and women 50 to 75 years old (n = 61) underwent baseline testing that included glucose tolerance, maximal oxygen consumption, body composition, CRP levels, and genotyping assessments.

NADPH oxidase p22phox gene variants are associated with systemic oxidative stress biomarker responses to exercise training.

Systemic oxidative stress plays a role in many degenerative diseases. Although regular physical activity has been known as the most effective nonpharmacological intervention to alleviate the oxidative stress, the beneficial effect varies between individuals. We investigated whether NADPH oxidase p22phox gene C242T and A640G polymorphisms are associated with systemic oxidative stress level response to exercise training (ExTr).

Interleukin-6 genotype is associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol responses to exercise training.

Background: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and its subfractions are modifiable with exercise training and these responses are heritable. The interleukin-6 (IL6)-174G/C polymorphism may be associated with HDL-C levels. We hypothesized that the IL6-174G/C polymorphism would be associated with plasma HDL-C response to exercise training.

Vitamin D receptor FokI genotype influences bone mineral density response to strength training, but not aerobic training.

To determine the influence of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene FokI and BsmI genotype on bone mineral density response to two exercise training modalities, 206 healthy men and women (50-81 years old) were studied before and after approximately 5-6 months of either aerobic exercise training (AT) or strength training (ST). A totla of 123 subjects completed AT (51 men, 72 women) and 83 subjects completed ST (40 men, 43 women). DNA was extracted from blood samples of all subjects and genotyping was performed at the VDR FokI and BsmI locus to determine its association to training response.

Endurance training-induced changes in the insulin response to oral glucose are associated with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 Pro12Ala genotype in men but not in women.

The present study sought to investigate, in sedentary men and women, (a) whether a common functional gene variant (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 [PPARgamma2] Pro12Ala) predicts insulin action and (b) whether improvements in insulin action in response to endurance exercise training are associated with PPARgamma2 Pro12Ala. Sedentary, 50- to 75-year-old men and women (N = 73) were genotyped and underwent oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) before and after 6 months of endurance training. At baseline, men heterozygous for the Pro12Ala variant had a greater OGTT insulin area under the curve (AUC) as compared with Pro12 homozygous men (P = .

C-reactive protein genotypes affect baseline, but not exercise training-induced changes, in C-reactive protein levels.

Objective: The goal of this study is to determine whether C-reactive protein (CRP) gene variants affect baseline and training-induced changes in plasma CRP levels.

Methods And Results: Sixty-three sedentary men and women aged 50 to 75 years old underwent baseline testing (Vomax, body composition, CRP levels). They repeated these tests after 24 weeks of exercise training while on a low-fat diet.

Association between body fat response to exercise training and multilocus ADR genotypes.

Objective: To examine the contribution of adrenergic receptor (ADR) gene polymorphisms and their gene-gene interactions to the variability of exercise training-induced body fat response.

Research Methods And Procedures: This was an intervention study that used a volunteer sample of 70 healthy, sedentary men (n = 29) and postmenopausal women (n = 41) 50 to 75 years of age, with a BMI < or = 37 kg/m2, from the Washington, DC, metropolitan area. Participants completed 6 weeks of dietary stabilization (American Heart Association diet) before 24 weeks of supervised aerobic exercise training.

Plasma nitrate/nitrite response to an oral glucose load and the effect of endurance training.

To assess the role of circulating nitric oxide (NO) production in glucose homeostasis, plasma nitrate/nitrite (NO(x)) was assessed during oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) on 64 sedentary subjects and in a subset 40 subjects before and after 6 months of endurance exercise training. NO(x) decreased with the oral glucose load (P View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Selected genetic polymorphisms and plasma coagulation factor VII changes with exercise training.

We assessed the effects of coagulation factor VII (FVII) gene polymorphisms, lipid-related polymorphisms, and exercise training-induced plasma lipoprotein lipid changes on FVII level changes with exercise training in middle- to older-aged men and women. Forty-six healthy sedentary men and women were stabilized on a low-fat diet and then underwent baseline testing, 6 mo of endurance exercise training, and final testing. Plasma FVII-Ag levels decreased with exercise training (106.

High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, its subfractions, and responses to exercise training are dependent on endothelial lipase genotype.

Plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are an important independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) that can be modified through exercise training. However, levels of HDL-C and its subfractions and their response to standardized exercise training are highly variable among individuals. Such variability suggests that levels of HDL-C, its subfractions, and their response to exercise training may be influenced by genetic variation and the interaction of that genetic variation with physical activity.

Sequence variation in hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF1A): association with maximal oxygen consumption.

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1) is a DNA transcription factor composed of two subunits, one of which is regulated by hypoxia (HIF1alpha, encoded by HIF1A). Genes regulated by HIF1 are involved in the processes of angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, and metabolism, making HIF1A a candidate gene in establishing maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) before and after aerobic exercise training. The purpose of the present study was to screen HIF1A for sequence variation and determine whether such variation is associated with VO2 max before and after aerobic exercise training.

Changes in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol subfractions with exercise training may be dependent on cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) genotype.

We sought to determine if a cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) gene locus variation contributes to the variability in the responses of plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and its subfractions to endurance exercise training. Middle- to older-aged men and women with at least 1 lipoprotein-lipid risk factor underwent 6 months of endurance exercise training while on a low-fat diet. Plasma lipid levels were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).