Single-cell sequencing highlights heterogeneity and malignant progression in actinic keratosis and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most frequent of the keratinocyte-derived malignancies with actinic keratosis (AK) as a precancerous lesion. To comprehensively delineate the underlying mechanisms for the whole progression from normal skin to AK to invasive cSCC, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to acquire the transcriptomes of 138,982 cells from 13 samples of six patients including AK, squamous cell carcinoma in situ (SCCIS), cSCC, and their matched normal tissues, covering comprehensive clinical courses of cSCC. We identified diverse cell types, including important subtypes with different gene expression profiles and functions in major keratinocytes.

Identification of key genes in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics profiling study.

Background: Long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), which is one of the most common malignant cancers worldwide. Actinic keratosis (AK) is generally considered a precancerous lesion of cSCC. However, the pathogenesis and oncogenic processes of AK and cSCC remain elusive, especially in the context of photodamage.

Controllable scattering of a single photon inside a one-dimensional coupled resonator waveguide with second-order nonlinearity.

We note that most of the studies of the single photon scattering inside a one-dimensional coupled resonator waveguide are based on the waveguide coupling with the atom systems. In this paper, we will study the single photon scattering enabled by another system, i.e.

[Clinical Analysis of 153 Cases of Refractory/Relapsed Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma].

Objective: To analyze the clinical features and treatment methods of refractory/relapsed diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients, and to explore the curative effect and the main factors affecting prognosis.

Methods: Clinical data of 1043 cases of DLBCL in our hospital from January 2008 to April 2016 were retrospectively analyzed, then the clinical data of 153 patients with refractory/relapsed lymphoma were selected and analyzed for determing the relationship of the related factors with therapeutic effect and prognosis. Treatment methods include chemotherapy alone and chemotherapy combined with radio-therapy, the first line regimen was CHOP or R-CHOP program, the salvage regimens are ICE, Hyper CVAD or EPOCH, etc.

The application of mRNA-based gene transfer in mesenchymal stem cell-mediated cytotoxicity of glioma cells.

Since the tumor-oriented homing capacity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was discovered, MSCs have attracted great interest in the research field of cancer therapy mainly focused on their use as carries for anticancer agents. Differing from DNA-based vectors, the use of mRNA-based antituor gene delivery benefits from readily transfection and mutagenesis-free. However, it is essential to verify if mRNA transfection interferes with MSCs' tropism and their antitumor properties.

PTEN-mRNA engineered mesenchymal stem cell-mediated cytotoxic effects on U251 glioma cells.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been considered to have potential as ideal carriers for the delivery of anticancer agents since the capacity for tumor-oriented migration and integration was identified. In contrast to DNA-based vectors, mRNA synthesized may be readily transfected and is mutagenesis-free. The present study was performed in order to investigate the effects of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) mRNA-engineered MSCs on human glioma U251 cells under indirect co-culture conditions.

Therapeutic potential of CAR-T cell-derived exosomes: a cell-free modality for targeted cancer therapy.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-based T-cell adoptive immunotherapy is a distinctively promising therapy for cancer. The engineering of CARs into T cells provides T cells with tumor-targeting capabilities and intensifies their cytotoxic activity through stimulated cell expansion and enhanced cytokine production. As a novel and potent therapeutic modality, there exists some uncontrollable processes which are the potential sources of adverse events.

PDX-1 mRNA-induced reprogramming of mouse pancreas-derived mesenchymal stem cells into insulin-producing cells in vitro.

Pancreatic islet transplantation has remained an effective therapy for type 1 diabetes since 2000. Its widespread use has been prohibited by the shortage of suitable donors. It is critical to explore an applicable alternative for β-cell replacement.

Cancer cell-oriented migration of mesenchymal stem cells engineered with an anticancer gene (PTEN): an imaging demonstration.

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been considered to hold great potential as ideal carriers for the delivery of anticancer agents since the discovery of their tumor tropism. This study was performed to demonstrate the effects of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) engineering on MSCs' capacity for cancer cell-oriented migration.

Methods: MSCs were engineered with a PTEN-bearing plasmid and the expression was confirmed with Western blotting.