The short scar three-block L-wing technique.

Introduction: Numerous techniques have been proposed for the plastic surgical treatment of hypertrophic breasts. Challenges of the procedure include the preservation of vascular supply and sensitivity of the nipple areola complex (NAC), breast feeding, and an esthetically pleasing result.

Objectives: In the present preliminary report, we introduce a new technique called the three-block L-wing reduction mammaplasty that addresses the aforementioned difficulties.

The proximal medial sural nerve biopsy model: a standardised and reproducible baseline clinical model for the translational evaluation of bioengineered nerve guides.

Autologous nerve transplantation (ANT) is the clinical gold standard for the reconstruction of peripheral nerve defects. A large number of bioengineered nerve guides have been tested under laboratory conditions as an alternative to the ANT. The step from experimental studies to the implementation of the device in the clinical setting is often substantial and the outcome is unpredictable.

Retrograde tracing and toe spreading after experimental autologous nerve transplantation and crush injury of the sciatic nerve: a descriptive methodological study.

Evaluation of functional and structural recovery after peripheral nerve injury is crucial to determine the therapeutic effect of a nerve repair strategy. In the present study, we examined the relationship between the structural evaluation of regeneration by means of retrograde tracing and the functional analysis of toe spreading. Two standardized rat sciatic nerve injury models were used to address this relationship.

Epineurial sheath tube (EST) technique: an experimental peripheral nerve repair model.

Objective: Here we present the epineurial sheath tube (EST) technique as a modified microsurgical rat sciatic nerve model. The EST technique provides a cavity or pouch consisting of an outer epineurial sleeve that has been freed from nerve fascicles. This cavity may be appropriate to test the effectiveness and biocompatibility of implanted growth factors, cell suspensions (embedded in solutions or gels), or bioartificial nerve guide constructs.

Importance of the suprasternal notch to nipple distance (SSN:N) for vascular complications of the nipple areola complex (NAC) in the superior pedicle vertical mammaplasty: a retrospective analysis.

Background: The superior pedicle, frequently used with vertical mammaplasty, bears some risk for vascular complications of the nipple areola complex (NAC) particularly in large breasts. The suprasternal notch to nipple distance (SSN:N), geometrically associated with the longitudinal axis of the breast and length of the superior pedicle, might be an indicative parameter to assess these complications. Importance of the SSN:N for vascular complication of the NAC was focussed upon in this study.

The anterior Obturator Artery Perforator (aOAP) flap: surgical anatomy and application of a method for vulvar reconstruction.

Objective: Vulvar reconstruction following oncologic resection is challenging. Some flaps used for reconstruction can show adverse characteristics such as excessive tissue bulk or increased distance to the defect. Region of the sulcus genitofemoralis is of thin and pliable tissue proximate to the vulva.

Perforator vessel anatomy of the papilla umbilicalis: topography and importance for reconstructive abdominal wall surgery.

Purpose: Separation of midline abdominal wall components or other procedures involving the papilla umbilicalis within the context of abdominal wall reconstruction can significantly affect vasculature of the umbilicus. Adjusting dissection to the vascular anatomy of that region may evade such complications. For this purpose, an anatomic microdissection study was performed, focusing on the vascular architecture of the papilla umbilicalis in the midst of the stratigraphical anatomy of the midline abdominal wall.

The bivectorial full-thickness superiorly based NAC flap: a new option to increase plasticity and decrease tension in the superior pedicle vertical mammaplasty technique.

The standard split-thickness superior pedicle vertical mammaplasty technique sometimes suffers from tension on the nipple-areola complex (NAC). We suggest a bisected full-thickness superiorly based flap that offers two vectors for transposition within the context of superior pedicle vertical mammaplasty. The procedure increases both upper-pole fullness and projection of the breast while decreasing tension on the NAC.

Evaluation of functional nerve recovery with Visual-SSI--a novel computerized approach for the assessment of the static sciatic index (SSI).

Complete nerve transection (neurotmesis) of the rat sciatic nerve is a well-established animal model. The most frequently used behavioural for evaluation of neurotmesis-induced deficits is the walking track analysis with calculation of the sciatic functional index (SFI). More recently, the static sciatic index (SSI) has been developed, which shows a good correlation with the SFI.

Ablative targeting of fatty-tissue using a high-powered diode laser.

Background And Objective: Concerning current clinical practice, laser-assisted lipoplasty is still secondary to other procedures. In order to evaluate effects of thermal interaction with fatty-tissue, a near infrared diode laser was examined under reproducible conditions.

Methods: Based on optical spectroscopy of fatty-tissue, a high-powered diode laser (lambda = 940 nm) was used to irradiate n = 59 fat samples of fresh corpses in non-contact mode.

Vascular reliability of nipple-areola complex-bearing pedicles: an anatomical microdissection study.

Background: Vascular-dependent necrosis of the nipple-areola complex following reduction mammaplasty is still present. Concerning anatomy, there is a lack of literature comparing the vasculature of different nipple-areola complex-bearing pedicles in detail. Including six arterial sources supplying the breast, this anatomical work intends to clarify arterial impact and vascular reliability of different nipple-areola complex-bearing pedicles.

Accidental burns during surgery.

The purpose of this report is to increase awareness of intraoperative burns during standard procedures, to discuss their possible causes and warning signs and to provide recommendations for prevention and procedures to follow after their occurrence. A total of 19 patients associated with intraoperative burn accidents were treated surgically and analyzed after a mean follow-up of 5 +/- 3.5 months.