Evaluation of the Tibial Tubercle to Posterior Cruciate Ligament Distance in a Pediatric Patient Population.

Background: Evaluation of distal extensor mechanism alignment continues to evolve in children with patella instability. Prior studies support the use of the tibial tubercle to trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance but limitations exist for this measurement including: changes in the TT-TG distance with knee flexion, difficulty with finding the deepest part of a dysplastic trochlea, and limitations regarding identification of the site of the anatomic abnormality. The tibial tubercle-posterior cruciate ligament (TT-PCL) distance has been introduced as an alternative measure to address the shortcomings in the TT-TG distance by quantifying the position of the TT independent of the trochlea and with respect to the tibia only.

Tibial tubercle-trochlear groove distance: defining normal in a pediatric population.

Background: The tibial tubercle-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance is a useful tool in guiding surgical management for patients with recurrent lateral patellar instability. Current recommendations for tibial tubercle transfer are based on TT-TG distance thresholds derived from adult populations. Recurrent patellar instability, however, frequently affects children, but normal and pathological TT-TG values have not been established for pediatric patients.

Efficacy of alendronate in the treatment of low bone density in the pediatric and young adult population.

Background: Pediatric osteoporosis is uncommon but can result in painful and debilitating insufficiency fractures. Treatment options for osteoporosis in children are few. Bisphosphonate therapy for children has not been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States, but its use in that population has been increasing.

Adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis are not osteoporotic.

Study Design: Case controlled study.

Objective: To explore the relative effects of body mass index (BMI) and the presence or absence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) on bone mineral density (BMD) as evidenced by Z-scores in adolescents.

Summary Of Background Data: Prior studies have identified adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis as having "osteoporosis" or "osteopenia," when only a small percentage of subjects in these studies actually had bone density that was clinically abnormal.

The prehospital 12-lead electrocardiogram's effect on time to initiation of reperfusion therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing literature.

The prehospital electrocardiogram (ECG) is becoming the standard of care of suspected cardiac chest pain. We evaluated the evidence regarding the prehospital ECG and sought to quantify the reduction in time to reperfusion therapy attributable to the prehospital ECG. We conducted a systematic review and analyzed studies that were conducted in emergency medical systems relevant to providers in the United States.

Physician attitudes about prehospital 12-lead ECGs in chest pain patients.

Introduction: The prehospital 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) has become a standard of care. For the prehospital 12-lead ECG to be useful clinically, however, cardiologists and emergency physicians (EP) must view the test as useful. This study measured physician attitudes about the prehospital 12-lead ECG.

Nightmare frequency in sexual assault survivors with PTSD.

Sexual assault survivors with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were assessed for frequency of nightmares, measured retrospectively on the Nightmare Frequency Questionnaire (NFQ) and prospectively on nightmare dream logs (NLOG). Retrospective frequency was extremely high, averaging occurrences every other night and an estimated number of nightmares greater than five per week. Test-retest reliability data on the NFQ yielded weighted kappa coefficients of .

Low prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis by urinary ligase chain reaction in women patients in the emergency department.

Unlabelled: Recent studies suggest that women with acute urethral syndrome or abdominal pain, presenting to emergency departments (EDs), have a high prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of C. trachomatis in women presenting to an ED and to see whether those with dysuria or abdominal pain have a higher prevalence of C.