The Cortical Representation of Language Timescales is Shared between Reading and Listening.

Language comprehension involves integrating low-level sensory inputs into a hierarchy of increasingly high-level features. Prior work studied brain representations of different levels of the language hierarchy, but has not determined whether these brain representations are shared between written and spoken language. To address this issue, we analyzed fMRI BOLD data recorded while participants read and listened to the same narratives in each modality.

One-Shot Transport Calculations: A Charge-Conserving Solution.

Transport measurements are a common method of characterizing small systems in chemistry and physics. When interactions are negligible, the current through submicrometer structures can be obtained using the Landauer formula. Meir and Wingreen derived an exact expression for the current in the presence of interactions.

Role of masks, testing and contact tracing in preventing COVID-19 resurgences: a case study from New South Wales, Australia.

Objectives: The early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic illustrated that SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes the disease, has the potential to spread exponentially. Therefore, as long as a substantial proportion of the population remains susceptible to infection, the potential for new epidemic waves persists even in settings with low numbers of active COVID-19 infections, unless sufficient countermeasures are in place. We aim to quantify vulnerability to resurgences in COVID-19 transmission under variations in the levels of testing, tracing and mask usage.

The increasing need for the safety net: an introduction to the Patient Access Network Foundation and AJMC collaborative supplement.

This supplement showcases the winning papers and case studies from the PAN Challenge, which aimed to stimulate a dialogue on ways to reduce or eliminate the barriers and disparities that Medicare and ACA enrollees face in obtaining medications to treat life-threatening, chronic, and rare diseases.

Rising out-of-pocket costs threaten an already vulnerable population: an introduction to the PAN Foundation and AJMC collaborative supplement.

This supplement showcases the winning papers from the PAN Challenge, which aimed to foster conversations about how to rein in out-of-pocket costs to eliminate barriers between patients and their critical medical treatments.

Cleaning and Disinfection of Bacillus cereus Biofilm.

Unlabelled: Methodology has been evolving for the testing of disinfectants against bacterial single-species biofilms, as the difficulty of biofilm remediation continues to gain much-needed attention. Bacterial single-species biofilm contamination presents a real risk to good manufacturing practice-regulated industries. However, mixed-species biofilms and biofilms containing bacterial spores remain an even greater challenge for cleaning and disinfection.

Analyzing the rate at which languages lose the influence of a common ancestor.

Analyzing the rate at which languages change can clarify whether similarities across languages are solely the result of cognitive biases or might be partially due to descent from a common ancestor. To demonstrate this approach, we use a simple model of language evolution to mathematically determine how long it should take for the distribution over languages to lose the influence of a common ancestor and converge to a form that is determined by constraints on language learning. We show that modeling language learning as Bayesian inference of n binary parameters or the ordering of n constraints results in convergence in a number of generations that is on the order of n log n.

Automated reconstruction of ancient languages using probabilistic models of sound change.

One of the oldest problems in linguistics is reconstructing the words that appeared in the protolanguages from which modern languages evolved. Identifying the forms of these ancient languages makes it possible to evaluate proposals about the nature of language change and to draw inferences about human history. Protolanguages are typically reconstructed using a painstaking manual process known as the comparative method.

Inactivation of chlorhexidine gluconate on skin by incompatible alcohol hand sanitizing gels.

Incompatibility of leave-on products with an antimicrobial residual can negate the efficacy benefits of chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) persistence. Two marketed alcohol products containing Carbomer were tested using a pigskin substrate model against Staphylococcus aureus. The CHG residual achieved a 4.

Improved identification of noun phrases in clinical radiology reports using a high-performance statistical natural language parser augmented with the UMLS specialist lexicon.

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a method of extracting noun phrases with full phrase structures from a set of clinical radiology reports using natural language processing (NLP) and to investigate the effects of using the UMLS(R) Specialist Lexicon to improve noun phrase identification within clinical radiology documents.

Design: The noun phrase identification (NPI) module is composed of a sentence boundary detector, a statistical natural language parser trained on a nonmedical domain, and a noun phrase (NP) tagger. The NPI module processed a set of 100 XML-represented clinical radiology reports in Health Level 7 (HL7)(R) Clinical Document Architecture (CDA)-compatible format.

The effects of psychotherapy, nefazodone, and their combination on subjective assessment of disturbed sleep in chronic depression.

Study Objectives: The purpose of the study was to compare the effects of psychotherapy, nefazodone, and their combination on subjective measures of sleep in patients with chronic forms of major depression.

Design: Participants were randomized to receive 12 weeks of treatment with one of the three interventions.

Setting: The study was conducted in parallel at 12 academic institutions and was approved by the Human Subjects Committee at each site.