Lead Levels at the Tap and Consumer Exposure from Legacy and Recent Lead Service Line Replacements in Six Utilities.

Profile, regulatory, and investigative sampling were completed in six utilities to study the impact of partial and full lead service line replacements (LSLRs) on water lead levels (WLLs) and consumer's exposure. As compared to households with no replacement, lead release after partial LSLR (PLSLR) was generally greater in the short term (3-50 days), and comparable or lower in the medium (<2 years) and long-term (>2 years). This was mainly explained by insufficient time elapsed to stabilize scales after disturbances to the service line.

Effect of pH on the concentrations of lead and trace contaminants in drinking water: a combined batch, pipe loop and sentinel home study.

High lead levels in drinking water are still a concern for households serviced by lead pipes in many parts of North America and Europe. This contribution focuses on the effect of pH on lead concentrations in drinking water delivered through lead pipes. Though this has been addressed in the past, we have conducted a combined batch, pipe loop and sentinel study aiming at filling some of the gaps present in the literature.