The viscoelastic properties of the SMAS and its clinical translation: firm support for the high-SMAS rhytidectomy.

Background: The superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) has inherent viscoelastic properties, although the optimal tension levels to minimize tissue relaxation have not been defined. This study evaluated the viscoelastic properties of the SMAS within the biomechanical parameters of the high-SMAS rhytidectomy.

Methods: Patients (n = 30) underwent a high-SMAS face lift performed by the senior author (F.

Packing and postoperative rhinoplasty management: a survey report.

Background: Postoperative management following rhinoplasty varies greatly among aesthetic surgeons. Few studies have addressed practice trends in postoperative rhinoplasty care or questioned the frequency of packing and splinting. Many conventional postoperative techniques remain controversial (eg, packing).

The frontal branch of the facial nerve across the zygomatic arch: anatomical relevance of the high-SMAS technique.

Background: The frontal branch has a defined course along the Pitanguy line from tragus to lateral brow, although its depth along this line is controversial. The high-superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) face-lift technique divides the SMAS above the arch, which conflicts with previous descriptions of the frontal nerve depth. This anatomical study defines the depth and fascial boundaries of the frontal branch of the facial nerve over the zygomatic arch.

The Radial Artery Pedicle Perforator Flap: Vascular Analysis and Clinical Implications.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the location, size, and vascular territory of the radial artery cutaneous perforators.

Methods: Twenty-six human cadaveric forearms were dissected. All cutaneous radial artery perforators were analyzed for total number, orientation, location, and external diameter.

Three- and four-dimensional computed tomographic angiography and venography of the anterolateral thigh perforator flap.

Background: This study presents a detailed three- and four-dimensional appraisal of the arterial and venous anatomy and perfusion of the anterolateral thigh flap using a novel computed tomographic technique.

Methods: Eighteen anterolateral thigh flaps harvested from fresh Western cadavers were used. Four-dimensional computed tomographic angiography with injection of iodinated contrast medium into isolated perforators and their venae comitantes was used to investigate the arterial and venous anatomy and flap perfusion.

Three- and four-dimensional computed tomographic angiography and venography for the investigation of the vascular anatomy and perfusion of perforator flaps.

Background: Two-dimensional contrast radiography is the current standard for investigating the vascular anatomy of surgical flaps. The microvascular anatomy of the perforator flap, however, is limited conceptually by representation in two dimensions. Static three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography enables vascular anatomy to be evaluated in the coronal, axial, and sagittal planes, and dynamic four-dimensional computed tomographic angiography allows the vascular filling of a perforator flap to be visualized over short time intervals in three dimensions.

Four-dimensional vascular tree reconstruction using moving grid deformation.

Rationale And Objectives: Thinned perforator flaps have been widely used in plastic surgery for greater survivability and decreased morbidity. However, quantitative analysis of three-dimensional (3D) blood flow direction and location has not been examined yet. Such information will benefit and guide the surgical thinning and dissection process.