Resolvin E1 and chemokine-like receptor 1 mediate bone preservation.

The polyunsaturated ω-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid-derived resolvin E1 (RvE1) enhances resolution of inflammation, prevents bone loss, and induces bone regeneration. Although the inflammation-resolving actions of RvE1 are characterized, the molecular mechanism of its bone-protective actions are of interest. To test the hypothesis that receptor-mediated events impact bone changes, we prepared transgenic mice overexpressing the RvE1 receptor chemokine-like receptor 1 (chemR23) on leukocytes.

FOXO1 modulates osteoblast differentiation.

Forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) is upregulated during bone formation and in response to stimulation by bone morphogenetic proteins. Studies presented here examined the functional role of FOXO1 in a well defined culture system in which pre-osteoblastic cells undergo terminal differentiation in vitro. Mineralizing cultures of MC3T3-E1 cells were examined with or without FOXO1 knockdown by RNAi.

TNF-alpha mediates diabetes-enhanced chondrocyte apoptosis during fracture healing and stimulates chondrocyte apoptosis through FOXO1.

To gain insight into the effect of diabetes on fracture healing, experiments were carried out focusing on chondrocyte apoptosis during the transition from cartilage to bone. Type 1 diabetes was induced in mice by multiple low-dose streptozotocin injections, and simple transverse fractures of the tibia or femur was carried out. Large-scale transcriptional profiling and gene set enrichment analysis were performed to examine apoptotic pathways on total RNA isolated from fracture calluses on days 12, 16, and 22, a period of endochondral bone formation when cartilage is resorbed and chondrocyte numbers decrease.

Use of FTIR spectroscopic imaging to identify parameters associated with fragility fracture.

BMD does not entirely explain an individual's risk of fracture. The purpose of this study was to assess whether specific differences in spatially resolved bone composition also contribute to fracture risk. These differences were assessed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging (FTIRI) and analyzed through multiple logistic regression.

Activation of the acquired immune response reduces coupled bone formation in response to a periodontal pathogen.

Osteoimmunolgy involves the interaction of the immune system with skeletal elements. This interaction can lead to the formation of osseous lesions. To investigate how the acquired immune response could contribute to osteolytic lesions, we injected the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis adjacent to calvarial bone with or without prior immunization against the bacterium.

Mineral changes in osteoporosis: a review.

Bone mineral composition, crystallinity, and bone mineral content of osteoporotic patients are different from those of normal subjects. We review the evidence that these mineralization parameters contribute to the strength (fracture resistance) of bone and the methods that have been used to examine them. A specific example is provided from analysis of biopsies from the Multiple Outcomes in Raloxifene Evaluation trial.

Infrared imaging of calcified tissue in bone biopsies from adults with osteomalacia.

Osteomalacia is a pathological bone condition in which there is deficient primary mineralization of the matrix, leading to an accumulation of osteoid tissue and reduced bone mechanical strength. The hypothesis that there are no qualitative or quantitative differences in osteomalacic bone mineral or matrix compared to disease-free bones was tested by examining unstained sections of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) embedded iliac crest biopsies using Fourier transform infrared imaging (FTIRI) at approximately 6-microm spatial resolution. Controls were seven female subjects, aged 36-57, without apparent bone disease.

Dental fear and knowledge of children treated by certified pediatric dentists and general practitioners.

The purpose of this study was to compare knowledge regarding preventive measures and reported dental fear, of children treated by certified pediatric dentists (CPDs) to those treated by general practitioners (GPs). A questionnaire was given to 300 children, 150 were treated by GPs and the others by CPDs. Children treated by CPDs provided more correct answers to questions about prevention of oral disease (p < 0.