Physiological response of mammary glands to Escherichia coli infection:A conflict between glucose need for milk production and immune response.

The mammary immune and physiological responses to distinct mammary-pathogenic E. coli (MPEC) strains were studied. One gland in each of ten cows were challenged intra-mammary and milk composition (lactose, fat, total protein, casein), biochemical (glucose, glucose-6-phosphate (Glu6P), oxalate, malate, lactate, pyruvate and citrate, malate and lactate dehydrogenases, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), nitrite, lactic peroxidase, catalase, albumin, lactoferrin, immunoglobulin) and clotting parameters were followed for 35 days post-challenge.

The host genotype influences infectious bursal disease virus pathogenesis in chickens by modulation of T cells responses and cytokine gene expression.

The immunopathogenesis of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was investigated in different layer and broiler type chickens in comparison to highly susceptible specific-pathogen-free layers (SPF-Wh-LT) often used for experimental studies. Layer-type chickens (LT) of all genetic backgrounds showed significantly higher IBDV antigen loads in the bursa of Fabricius (BF) compared to broiler type birds (BT) (P<0.05).

Contribution of the genetic background to the immune response of broilers vaccinated or challenged with LPAI H9N2.

Background: The knowledge on the immune responses to LPAI is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the immune responses of two divergently selected lines of broilers, a line responding with high antibody response to antigens (HH), and a line responding with low antibody titers (LL) to antigen.

Methods: Day old chicks from each line were divided in two groups, one vaccinated with inactivated H9N2 vaccine and one non-vaccinated.