Low-input redoxomics facilitates global identification of metabolic regulators of oxidative stress in the gut.

Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in organ aging and related diseases, yet the endogenous regulators involved remain largely unknown. This work highlights the importance of metabolic homeostasis in protecting against oxidative stress in the large intestine. By developing a low-input and user-friendly pipeline for the simultaneous profiling of five distinct cysteine (Cys) states, including free SH, total Cys oxidation (Sto), sulfenic acid (SOH), S-nitrosylation (SNO), and S-glutathionylation (SSG), we shed light on Cys redox modification stoichiometries and signaling with regional resolution in the aging gut of monkeys.

GsMYB10 encoding a MYB-CC transcription factor enhances the tolerance to acidic aluminum stress in soybean.

Background: MYB transcription factors (TFs) play crucial roles in the response to diverse abiotic and biotic stress factors in plants. In this study, the GsMYB10 gene encoding a MYB-CC transcription factor was cloned from wild soybean BW69 line. However, there is less report on the aluminum (Al)-tolerant gene in this subfamily.

Flavonoids from as neuroprotective agents attenuate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and via activating Nrf2.

Objectives: Cerebral ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death worldwide. Though timely reperfusion reduces the infarction size, it exacerbates neuronal apoptosis due to oxidative stress. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor regulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes.

and in prostate cancer: from molecular pathways to therapeutic targets: a narrative review.

Background And Objective: Prostate cancer is a major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in men globally. The pathogenesis involves complex interactions between genetic mutations and environmental factors, activating multiple signaling pathways, especially Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/Akt, and NF-κB pathways. Tumor suppressor genes and are key inhibitors of these pathways, crucial in suppressing tumor growth and metastasis.

Gut microbiota depletion and FXR inhibition exacerbates zonal hepatotoxicity of sunitinib.

Sunitinib is a small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor associated with the side-effect of liver injury. The impaired cell type in liver and the hepatotoxicity mechanisms is still unclear. Spatial metabolomics, transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence co-staining, and isolation of bile duct cells and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) were used to evaluate the zonated hepatotoxicity of sunitinib.

Disease-derived circulating extracellular vesicle preconditioning: A promising strategy for precision mesenchymal stem cell therapy.

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapies have emerged as promising methods for regenerative medicine; however, how to precisely enhance their tissue repair effects is still a major question in the field. Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) from diseased states carry diverse pathological information and affect the functions of recipient cells. Based on this unique property, we report that disease-derived circulating EV (disease-EV) preconditioning is a potent strategy for precisely enhancing the tissue repair potency of MSCs in diverse disease models.

Role of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Signaling Pathway in Pancreatic Diseases.

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a sphingolipid metabolic product produced via the phosphorylation of sphingosine by sphingosine kinases (SPHKs), serving as a powerful modulator of various cellular processes through its interaction with S1P receptors (S1PRs). Currently, this incompletely understood mechanism in pancreatic diseases including pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, largely limits therapeutic options for these disorders. Recent evidence indicates that S1P significantly contributes to pancreatic diseases by modulating inflammation, promoting pyroptosis in pancreatic acinar cells, regulating the activation of pancreatic stellate cells, and affecting organelle functions in pancreatic cancer cells.

Differences in the Clinical Characteristics of Male Patients With Different Ages of Rosacea: A Retrospective Study of 215 Male Outpatients.

Background: Rosacea is more common in women and Caucasians, leading to little research on rosacea in Asian men. Additionally, there is limited research on the patients across different age groups.

Aims: The aim of this study is to analyze and compare the characteristics of male patients of rosacea among different age groups.

Causal relationship between immune cells and pulmonary arterial hypertension: Mendelian randomization analysis.

Immunity and inflammation in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has gained more attention. This research aimed to investigate the potential causal connections between 731 immunophenotypes and the likelihood of developing PAH. We obtained immunocyte data and PAH from openly accessible database and used Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate the causal association between each immunophenotype and PAH.

Inhibition of xanthine oxidase alleviated pancreatic necrosis HIF-1-regulated LDHA and NLRP3 signaling pathway in acute pancreatitis.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a potentially fatal condition with no targeted treatment options. Although inhibiting xanthine oxidase (XO) in the treatment of AP has been studied in several experimental models and clinical trials, whether XO is a target of AP and what its the main mechanism of action is remains unclear. Here, we aimed to re-evaluate whether XO is a target aggravating AP other than merely generating reactive oxygen species that trigger AP.

Evaluating the therapeutic effect of LIPUS in the early stage of traumatic brain injury using FA and T2 in rats.

To evaluate the protective effect of LIPUS at the early stage of brain trauma in rats, 45 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham ( = 15), TBI ( = 15) and LIPUS treatment groups ( = 15). Ipsilateral and contralateral cortical and thalamic parameters obtained by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and fast low-angle shot magnetic resonance imaging (FLASH-MRI) were measured at different times after trauma. For fractional anisotropy (FA) and T2 values, two-way repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc was used for intergroup comparisons.

Evidence of a causal relationship between blood pressure and pathological scars: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Recent advancements in basic medicine and epidemiology suggest a potential influence of blood pressure on scar formation, yet the specifics of this relationship are not fully understood. This study aims to clarify the causal link between blood pressure and the development of pathological scars using Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods: This study employed genetic variants closely linked to blood pressure as instrumental variables to explore the relationship between blood pressure and pathological scars.

Claude 3 Opus and ChatGPT With GPT-4 in Dermoscopic Image Analysis for Melanoma Diagnosis: Comparative Performance Analysis.

Background: Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and large language models (LLMs) have shown potential in medical fields, including dermatology. With the introduction of image analysis capabilities in LLMs, their application in dermatological diagnostics has garnered significant interest. These capabilities are enabled by the integration of computer vision techniques into the underlying architecture of LLMs.

The Roles of Segments and Tone in Mandarin Lexical Processing: An ERP Study.

Backgrounds: Segments and tone are important sub-syllabic units that play large roles in lexical processing in tonal languages. However, their roles in lexical processing remain unclear, and the event-related potential (ERP) technique will benefit the exploration of the cognitive mechanism in lexical processing.

Methods: The high temporal resolution of ERP enables the technique to interpret rapidly changing spoken language performances.

Study of the multitarget mechanism of (HUANGQI) in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology.

Context: In China, HUANGQI is widely used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, a comprehensive understanding of its mechanism of anti-AD effects is lacking.

Objective: To explore the active ingredients of HUANGQI and its potential targets and mechanisms of action in AD.

Transcriptome- and genome-wide systematic identification of expansin gene family and their expression in tuberous root development and stress responses in sweetpotato ().

Introduction: Expansins (EXPs) are essential components of the plant cell wall that function as relaxation factors to directly promote turgor-driven expansion of the cell wall, thereby controlling plant growth and development and diverse environmental stress responses. EXPs genes have been identified and characterized in numerous plant species, but not in sweetpotato.

Results And Methods: In the present study, a total of 59 EXP genes unevenly distributed across 14 of 15 chromosomes were identified in the sweetpotato genome, and segmental and tandem duplications were found to make a dominant contribution to the diversity of functions of the IbEXP family.

The Potential Mechanism of Eriodictyol in Treating Alzheimer's Disease: A Study on Computer-assisted Investigational Strategies.

Background: At present, drug development for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still highly challenging. Eriodictyol (ERD) has shown great potential in treating AD, but its molecular mechanism is unknown.

Objective: We aimed to explore the potential targets and mechanisms of ERD in the treatment of AD through network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations.

How does the ion concentration affect the functions of kinesin BimC.

BimC family proteins are bipolar motor proteins belonging to the kinesin superfamily which promote mitosis by crosslinking and sliding apart antiparallel microtubules. Understanding the binding mechanism between the kinesin and the microtubule is crucial for researchers to make advances in the treatment of cancer and other malignancies. Experimental research has shown that the ion concentration affects the function of BimC significantly.