Fixed and dilated pupils, not a contraindication for extracorporeal support: a case series.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is considered a relative contraindication for patients with severe neurological injury manifested by fixed and dilated pupils. The inability to provide adequate cardiopulmonary support while attempting to treat the underlying neurologic disease results in a fatal outcome. The impairment of cerebral perfusion, compounded by the underlying neurologic condition, results in signs of brainstem dysfunction often equated with a fatal prognosis.

Intraosseous Administration of 23.4% NaCl for Treatment of Intracranial Hypertension.

Background/objective: Prompt treatment of acute intracranial hypertension is vital to preserving neurological function and frequently includes administration of 23.4% NaCl. However, 23.