A rare case of unilateral double Stafne bone defects and literature review.

Stafne bone defect (SBD) is a rare developmental bone defect characterized by an asymptomatic focal concavity of the cortical bone, typically on the lingual aspect of the mandibular body, which generally contains salivary gland tissue. It can be detected during routine dental examinations and typically appears as an ovoid, well-defined, well-corticated, radiolucent depression in the posterior mandibular region below the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) (in: Neville et al, Oral and maxillofacial pathology, Elsevier, Inc, St. Louis, MO, 2016).

The relationship between diabetes and carotid artery calcifications detected via dental cone-beam computed tomography in patients undergoing implant treatment planning.

Background: The authors investigated the association between carotid artery calcifications (CACs) detected incidentally on dental cone-beam computed tomographic scans and positive diabetes status.

Methods: Two patient groups were identified retrospectively from a patient database: positive for CACs based on cone-beam computed tomographic scans and positive diabetes status. In addition to demographic characteristics, data including diabetes status and presence, type, and absence of CACs were obtained.

An unusual presentation of osteoblastoma of the maxilla: A case report.

This report presents a rare case of maxillary osteoblastoma in a 17-year-old female. The patient presented with dull pain and facial asymmetry inferior to the left zygoma. An intraoral examination found a painless swelling on the buccal gingival tissue in the left posterior maxilla.

Guidelines for oral and maxillofacial imaging: COVID-19 considerations.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus causing the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, is not only highly infectious but can induce serious outcomes in vulnerable individuals including dental patients and dental health care personnel (DHCPs). Responses to COVID-19 have been published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Dental Association, but a more specific response is required for the safe practice of oral and maxillofacial radiology. We aim to review the current knowledge of how the disease threatens patients and DHCPs and how to determine which patients are likely to be SARS-CoV-2 infected; consider how the use of personal protective equipment and infection control measures based on current best practices and science can reduce the risk of disease transmission during radiologic procedures; and examine how intraoral radiography, with its potentially greater risk of spreading the disease, might be replaced by extraoral radiographic techniques for certain diagnostic tasks.

Generation of intra-oral-like images from cone beam computed tomography volumes for dental forensic image comparison.

Unlabelled: Identification of unknown individuals using dental comparison is well established in the forensic setting. The identification technique can be time and resource consuming if many individuals need to be identified at once. Medical CT (MDCT) for dental profiling has had limited success, mostly due to artifact from metal-containing dental restorations and implants.

Optimising radiographic bitewing examination to adult and juvenile patients through the use of anthropomorphic phantoms.

Four anthropomorphic phantoms (an adult male, an adult female, a 10-y-old child and a 5-y-old child) were exposed to bitewing radiographs at film and digital settings using both rectangular and round collimation. Optically stimulated dosemeters were used. For children, average organ doses were <40 µGy and the organs with the highest doses were the salivary glands, parotid, oral mucosa, skin and extrathoracic airway.

Comparison of adult and child radiation equivalent doses from 2 dental cone-beam computed tomography units.

Introduction: With the advent of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans, there has been a transition toward these scans' replacing traditional radiographs for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Children represent a significant proportion of orthodontic patients. Similar CBCT exposure settings are predicted to result in higher equivalent doses to the head and neck organs in children than in adults.

Evaluation of radiation exposure with Tru-Align intraoral rectangular collimation system using OSL dosimeters.

A pilot study to compare radiation exposure with the Tru-Align rectangular collimation system to round collimation exposures was undertaken. Radiation exposure at various points within the cross sections of the collimators and entrance, intraoral and exit dose measurements were measured using InLight OSL dosimeters. Overall dose reduction with the use of the rectangular collimation system was estimated by taking into account the ratios of collimator openings and the average radiation exposure at the measurement points.

Evolution of a humanitarian dental mission to Madagascar from 1999 to 2008.

In this article, we report on the evolution of a series of dental outreach missions sponsored by Stony Brook University to remote areas of Madagascar over a nine-year period. The project evolved from one dental resident performing only dental extractions in 1999 to a team comprised of two dentists, six third-year dental students, and two dental assistants performing dental restorations, extractions, and endodontic procedures using digital radiographic equipment in 2008. The ability during the latest mission to utilize digital radiography in remote areas lacking running water, electricity, and dental facilities significantly enhanced the range and efficacy of dental procedures.

Comparison of the efficacy and technical accuracy of different rectangular collimators for intraoral radiography.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the operating efficiency and technical accuracy of 3 different rectangular collimators.

Study Design: A full-mouth intraoral radiographic series excluding central incisor views were taken on training manikins by 2 groups of undergraduate dental and dental hygiene students. Three types of rectangular collimator were used: Type I ("free-hand"), Type II (mechanical interlocking), and Type III (magnetic collimator).

Pilot study: digital subtraction radiography as a tool to assess alveolar bone changes in periodontitis patients under treatment with subantimicrobial doses of doxycycline.

Background: Subtle changes in marginal alveolar bone level can be demonstrated using digital subtraction of sequential radiographs.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the practical application of geometrically corrected digital subtraction in a clinical study of alveolar bone response to a drug previously shown to inhibit alveolar bone loss.

Study Design: Selected periapical radiographs were acquired with projective standardization of patients with clinical marginal alveolar bone loss.

Genomic organization and allelic expression of UBE3A in chicken.

UBE3A, the gene associated with Angelman syndrome, is part of a cluster of genes in the human chromosome 15q11-q13/mouse chromosome 7C region, that is subject to genomic imprinting. In human and mouse brain, UBE3A is expressed predominantly from the maternal allele, and the paternal allele is silenced. A current model concerning the evolution of genomic imprinting, the parental conflict hypothesis, posits that this epigenetic phenomenon is restricted to eutherian mammals.

Maternal disruption of Ube3a leads to increased expression of Ube3a-ATS in trans.

Angelman syndrome (AS) is a neurogenetic disorder characterized by severe mental retardation, 'puppet-like' ataxic gait with jerky arm movements, seizures, EEG abnormalities, hyperactivity and bouts of inappropriate laughter. Individuals with AS fail to inherit a normal active maternal copy of the gene encoding ubiquitin protein ligase E3A (UBE3A). UBE3A is transcribed predominantly from the maternal allele in brain, but is expressed from both alleles in most other tissues.

Brief communication: Bone trabeculae are visible on periapical images.

It is traditionally believed that the radiographic image of bone striae is a reflection of the trabecular pattern of cancellous bone. Results of a 1999 paper by Cavalcanti et al. contradicted this paradigm, suggesting that the intraoral radiographic image of trabecular pattern in the mandible reflects the morphology of the endosteal surface of the cortical bone, rather than that of cancellous bone.