Muscle-Related Effect of Whey Protein and Vitamin D Supplementation Provided before or after Bedtime in Males Undergoing Resistance Training.

There is increasing evidence that dietary protein intake with leucine and vitamin D is an important factor in muscle protein synthesis. This study investigated the combined effects of consuming whey protein and vitamin D in the evening before bedtime or in the morning after sleeping on muscle mass and strength. Healthy, untrained males ( = 42; Age = 18-24 year) were randomly assigned into three groups: before bedtime, after sleeping, and control.

Effects of a Short-Term "Fat Adaptation with Carbohydrate Restoration" Diet on Metabolic Responses and Exercise Performance in Well-Trained Runners.

Periodized carbohydrate availability can enhance exercise capacity, but the effects of short-term fat adaptation carbohydrate restoration (FACR) diets on metabolic responses and exercise performance in endurance athletes have not been conclusively determined. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a FACR diet on measures of resting metabolism, exercise metabolism, and exercise performance. Well-trained male runners ( = 8) completed a FACR dietary intervention (five days' carbohydrate < 20% and fat > 60% energy, plus one-day carbohydrate ≥ 70% energy), and a control high-carbohydrate (HCHO) diet for six days (carbohydrate > 60% energy; fat < 20% energy) in a randomized crossover design.

Nutritional Concerns for the Artistic Athlete.

Performing artists are similar to sports athletes, with repeated patterns of training and performing. This requires that artistic athletes manage the dynamic interaction between energy/nutrient/fluid utilization and provision to assure long, healthful, and successful careers. Although sports athletes have an abundance of science-based nutritional guidance available, there are few nutrition-focused resources available to artistic athletes, which can result in failure to optimally satisfy the artistic athlete's individual nutritional needs.

Effect of D-ribose supplementation on delayed onset muscle soreness induced by plyometric exercise in college students.

Objective: Previous investigations suggest that appropriate nutritional interventions may reduce delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). This study examined the effect of D-ribose supplementation on DOMS induced by plyometric exercise.

Methods: For the purpose of inducing DOMS, 21 untrained male college students performed a lower-limb plyometric exercise session that involved 7 sets of 20 consecutive frog hops with 90-s of rest between each set.

The risk of low energy availability in Chinese elite and recreational female aesthetic sports athletes.

Background: Low energy availability (LEA) is a medical condition observed in athletes, with a higher prevalence in aesthetic sports. For the first time, this study evaluated the relative prevalence of LEA in female elite athletes (ELA) and recreational athletes (REA) in aesthetic sports in China.

Methods: Female athletes from 6 sports (trampolining, rhythmic gymnastics, aerobics, dance sport, cheerleading and dance) were recruited, including ELA (n = 52; age = 20 ± 3) on Chinese national teams and REA (n = 114; Age = 20 ± 2) from Beijing Sport University.

Effect of sodium bicarbonate ingestion during 6 weeks of HIIT on anaerobic performance of college students.

Background: Past studies have found that sodium bicarbonate ingestion prior to exercise has a performance-enhancing effect on high-intensity exercise. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of continuous sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO) supplementation on anaerobic performance during six weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT).

Methods: Twenty healthy college-age male participants were randomly assigned to either the HCO group (SB) or the placebo group (PL), with 10 subjects in each group.

Nutritional recommendations for divers.

Competitive diving involves grace, power, balance, and flexibility, which all require satisfying daily energy and nutrient needs. Divers are short, well-muscled, and lean, giving them a distinct biomechanical advantage. Although little diving-specific nutrition research on performance and health outcomes exists, there is concern that divers are excessively focused on body weight and composition, which may result in reduced dietary intake to achieve desired physique goals.

Nutritional recommendations for synchronized swimming.

The sport of synchronized swimming is unique, because it combines speed, power, and endurance with precise synchronized movements and high-risk acrobatic maneuvers. Athletes must train and compete while spending a great amount of time underwater, upside down, and without the luxury of easily available oxygen. This review assesses the scientific evidence with respect to the physiological demands, energy expenditure, and body composition in these athletes.

Adaptation of insulin-resistance indicators to a repeated bout of eccentric exercise in human skeletal muscle.

This study determined whether disrupted glucose and insulin responses to an oral glucose-tolerance test (OGTT) induced by eccentric exercise were attenuated after a repeated bout. Female participants (n = 10, age 24.7 +/- 3.

An isocaloric glucose-fructose beverage's effect on simulated 100-km cycling performance compared with a glucose-only beverage.

A number of recent research studies have demonstrated that providing glucose and fructose together in a beverage consumed during exercise results in significantly higher oxidation rates of exogenous carbohydrate (CHO) than consuming glucose alone. However, there is insufficient evidence to determine whether the increased exogenous CHO oxidation improves endurance performance. The purpose of this study was to determine whether consuming a beverage containing glucose and fructose (GF) would result in improved cycling performance compared with an isocaloric glucose-only beverage (G).

Benefits of yoga for African American heart failure patients.

Background: The number of African American (AA) patients living with heart failure (HF) has been increasing, especially among the economically disadvantaged. Yoga therapy has been found to improve physical and psychological parameters among healthy individuals, but its effect in patients with HF remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of yoga therapy on cardiovascular endurance (VO2peak), flexibility, quality of life (QoL), and inflammatory markers on medically stable HF patients.

Food groups and renal cell carcinoma: results from a case-control study.

Background: The role of diet in renal cell carcinoma risk has been inconclusive. This study uses an integrative approach to assess the role of food groups and food items in renal cell carcinoma risk.

Design: A case-control study was conducted from 2003-2006.

Comparison of creatine monohydrate and carbohydrate supplementation on repeated jump height performance.

Creatine monohydrate (CrMH) supplementation aids the ability to maintain performance during repeated bouts of high-intensity exercise, including jump performance. However, carbohydrate supplementation may also provide similar benefits and is less expensive. This study compared the effects of an energy-free placebo, 2 different caloric concentrations of carbohydrate drinks, and a CrMH supplement on repeated jump heights.

Effects of yoga on inflammation and exercise capacity in patients with chronic heart failure.

Background: Despite recent advances in pharmacologic and device therapy, morbidity and mortality from heart failure (HF) remain high. Yoga combines physical and breathing exercises that may benefit patients with HF. We hypothesized that an 8-week regimen of yoga in addition to standard medical therapy would improve exercise capacity, inflammatory markers, and quality of life (QoL) in patients with HF.

Delayed but normally progressed puberty is more pronounced in artistic compared with rhythmic elite gymnasts due to the intensity of training.

Context: Elite gymnasts are subjected to intense training, which may alter pubertal development.

Objective: The objective of the investigation was to study the impact of gymnastics on pubertal development in rhythmic (RGs) and artistic gymnasts (AGs).

Design: Evaluation of somatometric parameters, pubertal stage, and intensity of training in the competition field were studied.

Growth retardation in artistic compared with rhythmic elite female gymnasts.

We studied 129 female rhythmic gymnasts (RG) and 142 female artistic gymnasts (AG) who participated in the 1999 Gymnastics World Championship for RG in Osaka, Japan, and the 1999 and 2001 Gymnastics World Championships for AG in Tianjin, China (n = 48), and Ghent, Belgium (n = 94), respectively. RG were taller than average, with a mean height SD score above the 50th percentile, whereas AG were relatively short, with a mean height SD score below the 50th percentile. Both RG and AG followed their respective reported target height SD score, which was above the 50th percentile for the RG and below the 50th percentile for the AG.