Nanogel-based coating as an alternative strategy for biofilm control in drinking water distribution systems.

Biofilm formation and detachment in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) can lead to several operational issues. Here, an alternative biofilm control strategy of limiting bacterial adhesion by application of a poly(-isopropylmethacrylamide)-based nanogel coating on DWDS pipe walls was investigated. The nanogel coatings were successfully deposited on surfaces of four polymeric pipe materials commonly applied in DWDS construction.

The development of a culturally sensitive educational video: How to facilitate informed decisions on cervical cancer screening among Turkish- and Moroccan-Dutch women.

Background: In the Netherlands, all women aged 30-60 years are invited to participate in the national cervical cancer screening programme, which is aimed at early detection and treatment of precancerous lesions. One fourth of the Dutch population has a migration background, with Turkish and Moroccan immigrants being the largest immigrant populations. Turkish- and Moroccan-Dutch women show lower screening participation rates and a higher incidence of cervical cancer, compared to native Dutch women.

Dynamic Covalent Cross-Linked Nanogel-Stabilized Pickering Emulsion for Responsive Microstructures.

Designing new dynamic matrices in combination with a highly diverse material formation approach as Pickering emulsions provides the tools to engineer innovative dynamic porous microstructures in a highly controllable fashion. Here, nanogels (nGels) are used, which exhibit dynamic covalent cross-linking capabilities, as surface stabilizing agents in view of their highly controllable physiochemical properties. The method provides the successful formation of dynamic covalent cross-linked hydrogel microstructures based on ketone and amine-functionalized nGels using Pickering emulsions.

Aliphatic Quaternary Ammonium Functionalized Nanogels for Gene Delivery.

Gene therapy is a promising treatment for hereditary diseases, as well as acquired genetic diseases, including cancer. Facing the complicated physiological and pathological environment in vivo, developing efficient non-viral gene vectors is needed for their clinical application. Here, poly(-isopropylacrylamide) (p(NIPAM)) nanogels are presented with either protonatable tertiary amine groups or permanently charged quaternized ammonium groups to achieve DNA complexation ability.

Nanogels: A novel approach in antimicrobial delivery systems and antimicrobial coatings.

The implementation of nanotechnology to develop efficient antimicrobial systems has a significant impact on the prospects of the biomedical field. Nanogels are soft polymeric particles with an internally cross-linked structure, which behave as hydrogels and can be reversibly hydrated/dehydrated (swollen/shrunken) by the dispersing solvent and external stimuli. Their excellent properties, such as biocompatibility, colloidal stability, high water content, desirable mechanical properties, tunable chemical functionalities, and interior gel-like network for the incorporation of biomolecules, make them fascinating in the field of biological/biomedical applications.

Antimicrobial Nanogels with Nanoinjection Capabilities for Delivery of the Hydrophobic Antibacterial Agent Triclosan.

With the ever-growing problem of antibiotic resistance, developing antimicrobial strategies is urgently needed. Herein, a hydrophobic drug delivery nanocarrier is developed for combating planktonic bacteria that enhances the efficiency of the hydrophobic antimicrobial agent, Triclosan, up to a 1000 times. The poly(-isopropylacrylamide---[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]methacrylamide), p(NIPAM--DMAPMA), based nanogel is prepared via a one-pot precipitation polymerization, followed by quaternization with 1-bromododecane to form hydrophobic domains inside the nanogel network through intraparticle self-assembly of the aliphatic chains (C12).

Highly Efficient Antimicrobial and Antifouling Surface Coatings with Triclosan-Loaded Nanogels.

Multifunctional nanogel coatings provide a promising antimicrobial strategy against biomedical implant-associated infections. Nanogels can create a hydrated surface layer to promote antifouling properties effectively. Further modification of nanogels with quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) potentiates antimicrobial activity owing to their positive charges along with the presence of a membrane-intercalating alkyl chain.

The Relationship between Bulk Silicone and Benzophenone-Initiated Hydrogel Coating Properties.

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a silicone elastomer-based material that is used in various applications, including coatings, tubing, microfluidics, and medical implants. PDMS has been modified with hydrogel coatings to prevent fouling, which can be done through UV-mediated free radical polymerization using benzophenone. However, to the best of our knowledge, the properties of hydrogel coatings and their influence on the bulk properties of PDMS under various preparation conditions, such as the type and concentration of monomers, and UV treatment time, have never been investigated.

Cargo shuttling by electrochemical switching of core-shell microgels obtained by a facile one-shot polymerization.

Controlling and understanding the electrochemical properties of electroactive polymeric colloids is a highly topical but still a rather unexplored field of research. This is especially true when considering more complex particle architectures like stimuli-responsive microgels, which would entail different kinetic constraints for charge transport within one particle. We synthesize and electrochemically address dual stimuli responsive core-shell microgels, where the temperature-responsiveness modulates not only the internal structure, but also the microgel electroactivity both on an internal and on a global scale.

Poly(β-Amino Esters): Synthesis, Formulations, and Their Biomedical Applications.

Poly(β-amino ester) (abbreviated as PBAE or PAE) refers to a polymer synthesized from an acrylate and an amine by Michael addition and has properties inherent to tertiary amines and esters, such as pH responsiveness and biodegradability. The versatility of building blocks provides a library of polymers with miscellaneous physicochemical and mechanical properties. When used alone or together with other materials, PBAEs can be fabricated into different formulations in order to fulfill various requirements in drug delivery (for instance, gene, anticancer drugs, and antimicrobials delivery) and natural complex mimicry (nanochaperones).

Inhibiting Bacterial Adhesion by Mechanically Modulated Microgel Coatings.

Bacterial infection is a severe problem especially when associated with biomedical applications. This study effectively demonstrates that poly- N-isopropylmethacrylamide based microgel coatings prevent bacterial adhesion. The coating preparation via a spraying approach proved to be simple and both cost and time efficient creating a homogeneous dense microgel monolayer.

Nanosheets of Nonlayered Aluminum Metal-Organic Frameworks through a Surfactant-Assisted Method.

During the last decade, the synthesis and application of metal-organic framework (MOF) nanosheets has received growing interest, showing unique performances for different technological applications. Despite the potential of this type of nanolamellar materials, the synthetic routes developed so far are restricted to MOFs possessing layered structures, limiting further development in this field. Here, a bottom-up surfactant-assisted synthetic approach is presented for the fabrication of nanosheets of various nonlayered MOFs, broadening the scope of MOF nanosheets application.

Metal Organic Framework Crystals in Mixed-Matrix Membranes: Impact of the Filler Morphology on the Gas Separation Performance.

Mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) comprising NH-MIL-53(Al) and Matrimid or 6FDA-DAM have been investigated. The MOF loading has been varied between 5 and 20 wt%, while NH-MIL-53(Al) with three different morphologies: nanoparticles, nanorods and microneedles have been dispersed in Matrimid. The synthesized membranes have been tested in the separation of CO from CH in an equimolar mixture.

Postmodification of PS-b-P4VP diblock copolymer membranes by ARGET ATRP.

The surfaces of polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) diblock copolymer membranes were modified in order to obtain polymer brushes by using surface-initiated activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET ATRP). Isoporous membranes were prepared by the combination of self-assembly of PS-b-P4VP diblock copolymers and the nonsolvent induced phase separation process, also known as "phase inversion". In order to allow further functionalization, the membranes were modified with an ATRP initiator, 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide (BIBB).