Compared with widely established monovalent-ion batteries, aqueous multivalent-ion batteries promise higher capacity release by achieving multiple electron-transfer events per ion intercalation in the host material. Despite plausibility, this high-capacity dream is untenable with the total tolerable redox charge-transfer limit of the host material for all carrier species equally, which is historically assumed to depend on the material rather than the guest carrier itself, and the kinetic hysteresis induced by larger charge/radius ratios induced kinetic hysteresis further enlarges the divide. Herein, we report that copper carrier redox in vanadium sulfide (VS) exceeds the intrinsic intercalation capacity boundary, with the highest capacity release as 675 mAh g at 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe adsorption-conversion paradigm of polysulfides during the sulfur reduction reaction (SRR) is appealing to tackle the shuttle effect in Li-S batteries, especially based upon atomically dispersed electrocatalysts. However, mechanistic insights into such catalytic systems remain ambiguous, limiting the understanding of sulfur electrochemistry and retarding the rational design of available catalysts. Herein, we systematically explore the polysulfide adsorption-conversion essence via a geminal-atom model system to understand the catalyst roles toward an expedited SRR.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAqueous zinc-bromine (Zn||Br) batteries are regarded as one of the most promising energy storage devices due to their high safety, theoretical energy density, and low cost. However, the sluggish bromine redox kinetics and the formation of a soluble tribromide (Br ) hinder their practical applications. Here, it is proposed dispersed single iron atom coordinated with nitrogen atoms (FeN) in a mesoporous carbon framework (FeSAC-CMK) as a conductive catalytic bromine host, which possesses porous structure and electrocatalytic functionality of FeN species for enhanced confinement and electrocatalytic effect.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSAR imagery plays a crucial role in geological and environmental monitoring, particularly in highland mountainous regions. However, inherent geometric distortions in SAR images often undermine the precision of remote sensing analyses. Accurately identifying and classifying these distortions is key to analyzing their origins and enhancing the quality and accuracy of monitoring efforts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFResolving the sluggish transport kinetics of divalent Zn in the cathode lattice and improving mass-loading performance are crucial for advancing the zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) application. Herein, PEO-LiVO superlattice nanosheets (PEO-LVO) with expanded interlayer spacing (1.16 nm) are fabricated to provide a high-rate, stable lifetime, and large mass-loading cathode.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRearrangement sorting problems impact profoundly in measuring genome similarities and tracing historic scenarios of species. However, recent studies on genome rearrangement mechanisms disclosed a statistically significant evidence, repeats are situated at the ends of rearrangement relevant segments and stay unchanged before and after rearrangements.To reflect the principle behind this evidence, we propose flanked block-interchange, an operation on strings that exchanges two substrings flanked by identical left and right symbols in a string.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe challenge with aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) lies in finding suitable cathode materials that can provide high capacity and fast kinetics. Herein, two-dimensional topological Bi Se with acceptable Bi-vacancies for ZIBs cathode (Cu-Bi Se ) is constructed through one-step hydrothermal process accompanied by Cu heteroatom introduction. The cation-deficient Cu-Bi Se nanosheets (≈4 nm) bring improved conductivity from large surface topological metal states contribution and enhanced bulk conductivity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFElectronic structure defines the conductivity and ion absorption characteristics of a functional electrode, significantly affecting the charge transfer capability in batteries, while it is rarely thought to be involved in mesoscopic volume and diffusion kinetics of the host lattice for promoting ion storage. Here, we first correlate the evolution in electronic structure of the MoS cathode with the ability to bound volume expansion and accelerate diffusion kinetics for high-performance aqueous Cu storage. synchrotron energy-dispersive X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals that accumulative delocalized Mo 4d electrons enhance the Mo-Mo interaction with distinctly contracting and uniformizing Mo clusters during the reduction of MoS, which potently restrain lattice expansion and release space to promote Cu diffusion kinetics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFScintillation-based X-ray imaging can provide convenient visual observation of absorption contrast by standard digital cameras, which is critical in a variety of science and engineering disciplines. More efficient scintillators and electronic postprocessing derived from neural networks are usually used to improve the quality of obtained images from the perspective of optical imaging and machine vision, respectively. Here, we propose to overcome the intrinsic separation of optical transmission process and electronic calculation process, integrating the imaging and postprocessing into one fused optical-electronic convolutional autoencoder network by affixing a designable optical convolutional metasurface to the scintillator.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTitanium selenide (TiSe ), a model transition metal chalcogenide material, typically relies on topotactic ion intercalation/deintercalation to achieve stable ion storage with minimal disruption of the transport pathways but has restricted capacity (<130 mAh g ). Developing novel energy storage mechanisms beyond conventional intercalation to break capacity limits in TiSe cathodes is essential yet challenging. Herein, the ion storage properties of TiSe are revisited and an unusual thermodynamically stable twin topotactic/nontopotactic Cu accommodation mechanism for aqueous batteries is unraveled.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Malaria transmission-blocking vaccines target mosquito-stage parasites and will support elimination programmes. Gamete vaccine Pfs230D1-EPA/Alhydrogel induced superior activity to zygote vaccine Pfs25-EPA/Alhydrogel in malaria-naive US adults. Here, we compared these vaccines in malaria-experienced Malians.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAqueous zinc batteries (ZIBs) have attracted considerable attention in recent years because of their high safety and eco-friendly features. Numerous studies have shown that adding Mn salts to ZnSO electrolytes enhanced overall energy densities and extended the cycling life of Zn/MnO batteries. It is commonly believed that Mn additives in the electrolyte inhibit the dissolution of MnO cathode.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOne of the major obstacles hindering the application of zinc metal batteries is the contradictory demands from the Zn metal anode and cathodes. At the anode side, water induces serious corrosion and dendrite growth, remarkably suppressing the reversibility of Zn plating/stripping. At the cathode side, water is essential because many cathode materials require both H and Zn insertion/extraction to achieve a high capacity and long lifespan.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPursuing conversion-type cathodes with high volumetric capacity that can be used in aqueous environments remains rewarding and challenging. Tellurium (Te) is a promising alternative electrode due to its intrinsic attractive electronic conductivity and high theoretical volumetric capacity yet still to be explored. Herein, the kinetically/thermodynamically co-dominat copper-tellurium (Cu-Te) alloying phase-conversion process and corresponding oxidation failure mechanism of tellurium are investigated using in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction and comprehensive ex situ characterization techniques.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRough manual interpretation distance cannot keep up with the intelligent detection and interpretation of sewer pipe defects. We present an automatic location method for the accurate longitudinal distance of the structural defects in sewer pipes via a pinhole-based defect monocular ranging model via image processing of pipe diameters. Then the model verification experiment is undertaken through a comparison with the actual data of the pipe size and the camera parameters.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIEEE/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform
December 2023
General-purpose protein structure embedding can be used for many important protein biology tasks, such as protein design, drug design and binding affinity prediction. Recent researches have shown that attention-based encoder layers are more suitable to learn high-level features. Based on this key observation, we propose a two-level general-purpose protein structure embedding neural network, called ContactLib-ATT.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEngineering multifunctional superstructure cathodes to conquer the critical issue of sluggish kinetics and large volume changes associated with divalent Zn-ion intercalation reactions is highly desirable for boosting practical Zn-ion battery applications. Herein, it is demonstrated that a MoS/CHN (CTAB) superstructure can be rationally designed as a stable and high-rate cathode. Incorporation of soft organic CTAB into a rigid MoS host forming the superlattice structure not only effectively initiates and smooths Zn transport paths by significantly expanding the MoS interlayer spacing (1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn this work, we synthesized micro-mesoporous graphene (MoS) with different compositional ratios co-reduction of graphite oxide and exfoliated MoS platelets. We systematically studied the performance of the micro-mesoporous graphene (MoS) as anodes in lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries. The results show that the specific surface areas of the composites decrease with introducing MoS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMotivation: Drawing peaks in a data window of an MS dataset happens at all time in MS data visualization applications. This asks to retrieve from an MS dataset some selected peaks in a data window whose image in a display window reflects the visual feature of all peaks in the data window. If an algorithm for this purpose is asked to output high-quality solutions in real time, then the most fundamental dependence of it is on the storage format of the MS dataset.
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