Region-Wide Comprehensive Implementation of Roguing Infected Trees, Tree Replacement, and Insecticide Applications Successfully Controls Citrus Huanglongbing.

Huanglongbing (HLB) is a devastating citrus disease worldwide. A three-pronged approach to controlling HLB has been suggested, namely, removal of HLB-symptomatic trees, psyllid control, and replacement with HLB-free trees. However, such a strategy did not lead to successful HLB control in many citrus-producing regions, such as Florida.

Detection of RACK1 and CTNNBL1‑induced activation of mouse splenocytes using an immunoprecipitation‑based technique.

Tumor cell lysates (TCLs) have been reported to induce antitumor immunity; however, it remains unclear which elements serve a role in this process. The present study identified 768 proteins that were upregulated in TCL prepared from Lewis lung cancer cells compared with the lysate from type II alveolar epithelial cells. Among the proteins that were upregulated in TCL, receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) and catenin β‑like 1 (CTNNBL1) are closely associated with cell proliferation and the inhibition of apoptosis.