Vaccine effectiveness against anal HPV among men who have sex with men aged 18-45 years attending sexual health clinics in three United States cities, 2018-2023.

Background: We assessed human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine effectiveness (VE) against anal HPV among men who have sex with men (MSM) in 2018-2023.

Methods: Residual anal specimens from MSM without HIV ages 18-45 years were tested for HPV. We calculated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between vaccination (≥1 dose) and quadrivalent vaccine (4vHPV)-type prevalence adjusting for city, race/ethnicity, and non-vaccine-type HPV prevalence, stratified by age group (18-26, 27-45).

Geographic, Health Care Access, Racial Discrimination, and Socioeconomic Determinants of Maternal Mortality in Georgia, United States.

Over the past decade, the United States has been taking steps to reduce its rising maternal mortality rate. However, these steps have yet to produce positive results in the state of Georgia, which tops the list of all 50 states with the highest maternal mortality rate of 46.2 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births for all women, and a maternal mortality rate of 66.

Injecting substance use in prisons in the United States: a case for needle exchange programs.

Despite efforts to prevent illicit substance use in prisons, inmates in many countries still have access to them, along with associated paraphernalia. In the United States, a large proportion of people in prison are there due to drug-related charges. The secretive nature of illicit substance use in prison and the opposition to implementing harm reduction interventions such as needle exchange programs have put prisoners who engage in such practices at high risk for infectious bloodborne diseases.