Management of a complete mole and coexisting fetus in post-dobbs world.

Background: Twin pregnancies consisting of a complete hydatidiform mole and a coexistent fetus (CMCF) are rare and associated with a high rate of maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality. Management of these pregnancies remains controversial and increasingly challenging following the decision given the viability of the coexisting twin fetus.

Case: This case looks at the diagnosis, management, and maternal-fetal outcomes of a viable fetus coexisting molar pregnancy at a large academic center in an abortion-restricted state.

The role of symbiont genetic distance and potential adaptability in host preference towards Pseudonocardia symbionts in Acromyrmex leaf-cutting ants.

Fungus-growing ants display symbiont preference in behavioral assays, both towards the fungus they cultivate for food and Actinobacteria they maintain on their cuticle for antibiotic production against parasites. These Actinobacteria, genus Pseudonocardia Henssen (Pseudonocardiacea: Actinomycetales), help defend the ants' fungal mutualist from specialized parasites. In Acromyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) leaf-cutting ants, individual colonies maintain either a single or a few strains of Pseudonocardia, and the symbiont is primarily vertically transmitted between generations by colony-founding queens.