Two cases of uveitis associated with severe transaminitis during a outbreak in Los Angeles County.

Purpose: To report the clinical presentation, multimodal imaging, and management of two patients with infection who presented with transaminitis and bilateral uveitis.

Observations: We report two cases of murine typhus-associated uveitis in the setting of a outbreak in Los Angeles County. In case 1, a 29-year-old Hispanic female presented with scotoma of the right eye and bilateral floaters after 2 weeks of persistent fevers, maculopapular rash, and arthralgia.

ENDOGENOUS ASPERGILLUS ENDOPHTHALMITIS IN AN IMMUNOCOMPETENT PATIENT WITH A REMOTE HISTORY OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS.

Purpose: To report a case of Aspergillus fumigatus endogenous endophthalmitis in an immunocompetent patient initially diagnosed as acute retinal necrosis.

Methods: Case report.

Patient: A 67-year-old woman with a remote history of treated pulmonary tuberculosis and no ocular history presented to an outside retina specialist with a sudden onset of floaters and blurred vision in one eye.

Relationship of Epiretinal Membrane Formation and Macular Edema Development in a Large Cohort of Uveitic Eyes.

: To identify the temporal relationship and clinical characteristics of epiretinal membrane (ERM) and macular edema (ME) formation in uveitic eyes.: A total of 269 subjects (444 uveitic eyes) met study inclusion criteria. Comprehensive ophthalmic examination, spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and clinical testing were carried out.

Thomas A. Swift's Electric Rifle Injuries to the Eye and Ocular Adnexa: The Management of Complex Trauma.

Purpose: To report the ocular and adnexal injuries sustained by patients with Thomas A. Swift's electric rifles (TASER; TASER International, Scottsdale, AZ), review the literature, and discuss the management of this complex trauma.

Design: Multicenter, retrospective case series and literature review.

Machine Learning Models for Diagnosing Glaucoma from Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Maps.

Purpose: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of multiple machine learning models using full retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness maps in detecting glaucoma.

Design: Case-control study.

Participants: A total of 93 eyes from 69 patients with glaucoma and 128 eyes from 128 age- and sex-matched healthy controls from the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study (LALES), a large population-based, longitudinal cohort study consisting of Latino participants aged ≥40 years residing in El Puente, California.

Comparison of surgical outcomes of trabeculectomy, Ahmed shunt, and Baerveldt shunt in uveitic glaucoma.

Background: Uveitis is defined as a collection of syndromes involving intraocular inflammation which can lead to pain, tissue damage, and vision loss. Ophthalmic surgery in uveitis patients can be challenging due to inflammation-induced fibrosis and scarring. Trabeculectomy and implantation of glaucoma drainage devices (aqueous shunts) have been used in surgical management of uveitic glaucoma, however there is a paucity of literature examining the comparative results of these entities in this unique setting.

Is it melanoma-associated retinopathy or drug toxicity? Bilateral cystoid macular edema posing a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma.

Purpose: To report the clinical presentation, multimodal imaging, and management of a patient with metastatic melanoma who presented with cystoid macular edema (CME).

Observations: We report a case of a 71-year-old Caucasian male with metastatic melanoma who presented with bilateral cystoid macular edema after being on treatment with a programmed T cell death ligand 1 inhibitor, MPDL3280, for 1 year. Multimodal imaging techniques, including color fundus photographs, autofluorescence, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein angiography (Spectralis, Heidelberg, Germany), and spectral-domain OCT angiography (Zeiss; California, USA) were performed to evaluate the etiology of his CME and to monitor his response to treatment.

OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY OF ACUTE MACULAR NEURORETINOPATHY REVEALS DEEP CAPILLARY ISCHEMIA.

Purpose: To present the multimodal retinal imaging findings, including optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography, of an atypical case of acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN).

Methods: The multimodal retinal imaging findings, including structural OCT and OCT angiography, of an atypical case of AMN are presented.

Results: A 23-year old woman, with a history of an unrelenting sinusitis treated with prednisone therapy and decongestants, presented with an acute scotoma of the right eye.

Sickle cell disease and the eye.

Purpose Of Review: To review recent literature pertaining to sickle cell retinopathy (SCR) and, in particular, sickle cell maculopathy.

Recent Findings: Several recent studies suggest that macular perfusion abnormalities seen in patients with sickle cell disease of various genotypes may affect both the superficial and deep capillary plexi, with a predilection for the deep capillary plexus. Further, these changes may be associated with areas of macular thinning, as well as with peripheral retinal ischemia, even in individuals without visual symptoms, contrary to what has previously been described in both diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein occlusion.

VISUAL AND ANATOMICAL OUTCOMES AFTER DIABETIC TRACTION AND TRACTION-RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT REPAIR.

Purpose: To evaluate visual and anatomical outcomes of diabetic tractional retinal detachment repaired with pars plana vitrectomy.

Methods: Operative records were used to retrospectively identify all patients with tractional retinal detachments secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy surgically repaired with pars plana vitrectomy between November 1, 2009, and January 1, 2015 at the LAC + USC (Los Angeles County + University of Southern California) Medical Center.

Results: A total of 403 eyes with diabetic tractional retinal detachment in 359 patients were included.

Parylene scaffold for cartilage lesion.

Evaluate parylene scaffold feasibility in cartilage lesion treatment, introducing a novel paradigm combining a reparative and superficial reconstructive procedure. Fifteen rabbits were used. All animals had both knees operated and the same osteochondral lesion model was created bilaterally.

Choroidal neovascularization secondary to tuberculosis: Presentation and management.

Purpose: While there are many known etiologies of choroidal neovascularization (CNV), tuberculosis is not a well-known causative agent. In this case series, we highlight CNV occurring secondary to tuberculous chorioretinitis, its presentation, and its management.

Observations: We retrospectively reviewed the charts and imaging of four patients who presented with presumed tuberculous chorioretinitis and CNV.

Ultra-Wide-Field Fluorescein Angiography in Microscopic Polyangiitis.

A 25-year-old Hispanic female presented with 5 months of dry eyes and 2 months of bilateral photophobia and decreased vision. On examination, she had bilateral anterior uveitis and mild disc edema of the left eye. A complete infectious and inflammatory work-up was positive for elevated antinuclear antibodies and p-ANCA, leading to a diagnosis of microscopic polyangiitis.

INTRAVENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN IN THE TREATMENT OF JUVENILE RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA-ASSOCIATED CYSTOID MACULAR EDEMA AND UVEITIS.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of cystoid macular edema and uveitis caused by juvenile retinitis pigmentosa in a woman interested in planning a pregnancy.

Methods: Descriptive case report. A 25-year-old woman with retinitis pigmentosa presented with decreased visual acuity, interested in a second opinion.

THE SECOND BLIND SPOT: SMALL RETINAL VESSEL VASCULOPATHY AFTER VACCINATION AGAINST NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS AND YELLOW FEVER.

Purpose: To describe a case of small retinal vessel vasculopathy postvaccination.

Methods: We report the case of a 41-year-old white man who presented with a "second blind spot," describing a nasal scotoma in the right eye that started 4 days after vaccinations against Neisseria meningitidis and the yellow fever virus, and after a 2-month period of high stress and decreased sleep. Clinical examination, Humphrey visual field testing, and multimodal imaging with fundus photographs, autofluorescence, fluorescein angiography, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography and angiography were performed.

Quantifying Retinal Microvascular Changes in Uveitis Using Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

Purpose: To quantify retinal capillary density and morphology in uveitis using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography angiography (SD-OCTA).

Design: Cross-sectional, observational study.

Methods: Healthy and uveitic subjects were recruited from 2 tertiary care eye centers.

SEVERE BILATERAL RETINAL VASCULAR OCCLUSION AS FIRST PRESENTATION OF SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS AND ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME.

Purpose: To describe a patient with undiagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus and secondary antiphospholipid syndrome presenting with bilateral severe retinal vaso-occlusion on first presentation.

Methods: Retrospective case report. A 42-year-old Hispanic female with no medical history presented with 2 weeks of bilateral decreased vision.

Retinopathy in lupus transitioned to Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease.

Purpose: We present a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus with significant vaso-occlusive retinal findings mimicking antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, who developed Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease.

Observations: Our patient was initially diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome given consistent serologic markers and profound retinal vascular ischemia. However, on subsequent follow up, she presented with fever and lymphadenopathy and underwent lymph node biopsy, which declared histologic findings of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease.

Clinical and laboratory characteristics of ocular syphilis: a new face in the era of HIV co-infection.

Background: Ocular syphilis is reemerging as an important cause of uveitis in the new era of common co-infection with HIV. This study will reveal the clinical and laboratory characteristics in the group of individuals co-infected with ocular syphilis and HIV compared with HIV-negative individuals. In this retrospective observational case series, medical records of patients diagnosed with ocular syphilis with serologic support from 2008 to 2014 were reviewed.

Bilateral macular detachments, venous stasis retinopathy, and retinal hemorrhages as initial presentation of multiple myeloma: a case report.

Purpose: To present the case of a patient with bilateral macular detachments, venous stasis retinopathy, and retinal hemorrhages as the initial manifestation of multiple myeloma.

Methods: Case report.

Results: A 59-year-old woman presented with complaints of photopsias and decreased vision and was found to have bilateral macular detachments, venous stasis retinopathy, and retinal hemorrhages.

Drusen detection by confocal aperture-modulated infrared scanning laser ophthalmoscopy.

Aim: To evaluate the efficiency of drusen detection by scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) using various infrared confocal apertures and differential contrast (DC) strategies.

Methods: 11 eyes with non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) underwent infrared imaging with a Nidek F-10 confocal SLO using multiple confocal apertures: central, ring, aperture on the right side (AR) and left side (AL), with and without use of the DC. A conventional colour fundus photograph was also obtained.

Improvement of metal and tissue adhesion on surface-modified parylene C.

A general method for chemical surface functionalization of parylene C [PC, (para-CH2-C6H3Cl-CH2-)n] films is reported. Friedel-Crafts acylation is used to activate the surface of the PC film, and the resulting carbonyl groups are then used to form a range of different organic functional groups to the surface of the parylene film, including alcohol, imine, thiol, phthalimide, amine, and maleimide. The presence of these functional groups on the parylene surface was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

Progress towards a high-resolution retinal prosthesis.

Simulations of artificial vision suggest that 1000 electrodes may be required to restore vision to individuals with diseases of the outer retina. In order to achieve such an implant, new technology is needed, since the state-of-the-art implantable neural stimulator has at most 22 contacts with neural tissue. Considerable progress has been made towards that goal with the development of image processing, microelectronics, and polymer based electrodes and interconnects.

A test microchip for evaluation of hermetic packaging technology for biomedical prosthetic implants.

The development of a test chip that will be used to evaluate a hermetic and biocompatible package for the driving CMOS circuitry of a retinal prosthesis is described. The package design is estimated to be about 2 x 2 x 0.3 mm(3) and will be formed by conformal layers of parylene and a metal (e.