rTMS mechanisms for posttraumatic stress disorder treatment in a mouse model.

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disease that may follow traumatic exposure. Current treatments fail in about 30% of patients. Although repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) applied to the prefrontal cortex has been shown to be effective in the treatment of PTSD, the mechanisms need further investigation.

Enhancing Agency in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Therapies Through Sensorimotor Technologies.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a significant public health concern, with only a third of patients recovering within a year of treatment. While PTSD often disrupts the sense of body ownership and sense of agency (SA), attention to the SA in trauma has been lacking. This perspective paper explores the loss of the SA in PTSD and its relevance in the development of symptoms.

Heart rate variability and cold-induced vascular dilation after stimulation of two different areas of the ear: a prospective, single-blinded, randomized crossover study.

Background: Both noninvasive transauricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) and traditional medical practice (TMP), such as auriculotherapy, use the auricle as a starting point for stimulation, but with two different conceptual frameworks: taVNS depends on vagal afferences to account for its effects, whereas TMP requires stimulation of the ear with high topographical accuracy regardless of the afferent nerves. The aim of this study was to measure heart rate variability (HRV) and cold water-induced vasodilation (CIVD) after puncturing two different ear points with the same afference but that should have opposite effects according to TMP.

Methods: Ten healthy subjects were investigated in this single-blinded crossover study over three sessions.

Implementation of a Primary Prevention Program for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in a Cohort of Professional Soldiers (PREPAR): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder that can manifest after a traumatic event where the individual perceives a threat to his or her life or that of others. Its estimated prevalence in the European population is 0.7% to 1.

Evaluation of taVNS for extreme environments: an exploration study of health benefits and stress operationality.

Introduction: Long-duration space missions will be a real challenge for maintaining astronauts' adaptability. Research on transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is expanding rapidly, and its modalities constitute a major research challenge. A growing number of reviews stress the need to validate biomarkers for monitoring effects to enhance our understanding of the processes by which taVNS acts.

Steady electrocorticogram characteristics predict specific stress-induced behavioral phenotypes.

Introduction: Depending on the individual, exposure to an intense stressor may, or may not, lead to a stress-induced pathology. Predicting the physiopathological evolution in an individual is therefore an important challenge, at least for prevention. In this context, we developed an ethological model of simulated predator exposure in rats: we call this the multisensorial stress model (MSS).

The Relationship between Allostasis and Mental Health Patterns in a Pre-Deployment French Military Cohort.

(1) Background: While a number of studies among military personnel focus on specific pathologies such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression, they do not address the cumulative impact on mental health of stressors related to the profession. The present study aims to determine the relationship between allostatic load and mental health status in a cohort of fit-for-duty soldiers prior to their deployment to Afghanistan. The aim is to better-define the consequences of stressor adjustment.

Psychophysiological dynamics of emotional reactivity: Interindividual reactivity characterization and prediction by a machine learning approach.

The fast reaction of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) to an emotional challenge (EC) is the result of a functional coupling between parasympathetic (PNS) and sympathetic (SNS) branches. This coupling can be characterized by measures of cross-correlations between electrodermal activity (EDA) (under the influence of the SNS) and the RR interval (the interval between R peaks) (under the influence of the PNS and the SNS). Significant interindividual variability has previously been reported in SNS-PNS coupling in emotional situations, and the present study aimed to identify interindividual cross-correlation variability in ANS reactivity.

The heartbeat evoked potential does not support strong interoceptive sensibility in trait mindfulness.

The enhancement of body awareness is proposed as one of the cognitive mechanisms that characterize mindfulness. To date, this hypothesis is supported by self-report and behavioral measures but still lacks physiological evidence. The current study investigated relation between trait mindfulness (i.

Heterogeneity of Psychological Profiles in French Army Units and Psychological Changes Between Pre- and Post-deployment: Two Pilot Studies.

Introduction: Over the past two decades, overseas deployments of the French Army have been characterized by the exposure of its service personnel to sustained, high levels of combat stress. There is a need to assess their mental health throughout the deployment cycle, identify risk factors associated with stress-related disorders, and characterize the factors that promote long-term well-being.

Methods: We conducted two pilot studies within four units of the French Army: a conventional combat unit, a counterterrorist unit, a combat service support unit, and a medical support unit.

Stress Management Training Improves Overall Performance during Critical Simulated Situations: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: High-fidelity simulation improves participant learning through immersive participation in a stressful situation. Stress management training might help participants to improve performance. The hypothesis of this work was that Tactics to Optimize the Potential, a stress management program, could improve resident performance during simulation.

Neuropeptide S promotes wakefulness through the inhibition of sleep-promoting ventrolateral preoptic nucleus neurons.

Study Objectives: The regulation of sleep-wake cycles is crucial for the brain's health and cognitive skills. Among the various substances known to control behavioral states, intraventricular injection of neuropeptide S (NPS) has already been shown to promote wakefulness. However, the NPS signaling pathway remains elusive.

Low β2 Main Peak Frequency in the Electroencephalogram Signs Vulnerability to Depression.

After an intense and repeated stress some rats become vulnerable to depression. This state is characterized by persistent low serum BDNF concentration. Our objective was to determine whether electrophysiological markers can sign vulnerability to depression.

Validation of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS) in French psychiatric and general populations.

The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS) has been validated in general population samples in many countries. Interest in using this measure in clinical populations is growing, particularly for tertiary prevention and mental health promotion. This paper reports validation of the French WEMWBS in healthy and chronic remitted schizophrenia populations.

Video. Radiofrequency fulguration of the spleen under laparoscopy to stop iatrogenic hemorrhage.

Background: Iatrogenic splenic injury is a potentially serious complication of laparoscopic surgery associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It also has an impact on the prognosis of patients who undergo surgery for digestive cancer. For iatrogenic splenic injury, splenic salvage is the ultimate goal.

Validation of a French version of the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory - short version: relationships between mindfulness and stress in an adult population.

Background: Whereas interest in incorporating mindfulness into interventions in medicine is growing, data on the relationships of mindfulness to stress and coping in management is still scarce. This report first presents a French validation of the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory-short form (FMI) in a middle-aged working population. Secondly, it investigates the relationship between psychological adjustment and mindfulness.

Physiological and psychological effects of escape from a sunken submarine on shore and at sea.

Introduction: The stress effects induced by diverse military scenarios are usually studied under tightly controlled conditions, while only limited research has addressed realistic scenarios. This study was designed to compare the effects of two levels of realism in stressful training for escape from a sunken submarine.

Methods: Thirteen qualified submariners served as subjects.