Predictive coding in neuropsychiatric disorders: a systematic transdiagnostic review.

The predictive coding framework postulates that the human brain continuously generates predictions about the environment, maximizing successes and minimizing failures based on prior experiences and beliefs. This PRISMA-compliant systematic review aims to comprehensively and transdiagnostically examine the differences in predictive coding between individuals with neuropsychiatric disorders and healthy controls. We included 72 case-control studies investigating predictive coding as the primary outcome and reporting behavioral, neuroimaging, or electrophysiological findings.

The role of myocardial bridge of the left anterior descending artery in a sudden death of a ketamine and cannabis user. Addressing the uncertainties on the cause of death in a forensic pathologist's casework.

In this case report, the role of a myocardial bridge of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and recent use of cannabis in a sudden death of a drug user is discussed, also considering the relevance of histopathological pulmonary findings. A 37-year-old man with a history of drug abuse was found dead in his house. External and autoptic examination were performed, as well as histologic and toxicologic analyses of tissues, organs and body fluids samples.

A user-driven machine learning approach for RNA-based sample discrimination and hierarchical classification.

RNA-based sample discrimination and classification can be used to provide biological insights and/or distinguish between clinical groups. However, finding informative differences between sample groups can be challenging due to the multidimensional and noisy nature of sequencing data. Here, we apply a machine learning approach for hierarchical discrimination and classification of samples with high-dimensional miRNA expression data.

The lived experience of mental disorders in adolescents: a bottom-up review co-designed, co-conducted and co-written by experts by experience and academics.

We provide here the first bottom-up review of the lived experience of mental disorders in adolescents co-designed, co-conducted and co-written by experts by experience and academics. We screened first-person accounts within and outside the medical field, and discussed them in collaborative workshops involving numerous experts by experience - representing different genders, ethnic and cultural backgrounds, and continents - and their family members and carers. Subsequently, the material was enriched by phenomenologically informed perspectives and shared with all collaborators.

A transdiagnostic prodrome for severe mental disorders: an electronic health record study.

Effective prevention of severe mental disorders (SMD), including non-psychotic unipolar mood disorders (UMD), non-psychotic bipolar mood disorders (BMD), and psychotic disorders (PSY), rely on accurate knowledge of the duration, first presentation, time course and transdiagnosticity of their prodromal stages. Here we present a retrospective, real-world, cohort study using electronic health records, adhering to RECORD guidelines. Natural language processing algorithms were used to extract monthly occurrences of 65 prodromal features (symptoms and substance use), grouped into eight prodromal clusters.

Physical Health and Transition to Psychosis in People at Clinical High Risk.

Background: The clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P) construct represents an opportunity for prevention and early intervention in young adults, but the relationship between risk for psychosis and physical health in these patients remains unclear.

Methods: We conducted a RECORD-compliant clinical register-based cohort study, selecting the long-term cumulative risk of developing a persistent psychotic disorder as the primary outcome. We investigated associations between primary outcome and physical health data with Electronic Health Records at the South London and Maudsley (SLaM) NHS Trust, UK (January 2013-October 2020).

On the interplay between state-dependent reconfigurations of global signal correlation and BOLD fluctuations: An fMRI study.

Background: The dynamics of global, state-dependent reconfigurations in brain connectivity are yet unclear. We aimed at assessing reconfigurations of the global signal correlation coefficient (GSCORR), a measure of the connectivity between each voxel timeseries and the global signal, from resting-state to a stop-signal task. The secondary aim was to assess the relationship between GSCORR and blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) activations or deactivation across three different trial-conditions (GO, STOP-correct, and STOP-incorrect).

Accelerating Medicines Partnership® Schizophrenia (AMP® SCZ): Rationale and Study Design of the Largest Global Prospective Cohort Study of Clinical High Risk for Psychosis.

This article describes the rationale, aims, and methodology of the Accelerating Medicines Partnership® Schizophrenia (AMP® SCZ). This is the largest international collaboration to date that will develop algorithms to predict trajectories and outcomes of individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis and to advance the development and use of novel pharmacological interventions for CHR individuals. We present a description of the participating research networks and the data processing analysis and coordination center, their processes for data harmonization across 43 sites from 13 participating countries (recruitment across North America, Australia, Europe, Asia, and South America), data flow and quality assessment processes, data analyses, and the transfer of data to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Data Archive (NDA) for use by the research community.

Management of post-mortem examination in SARS-CoV-19 infections.

A brief overview on the management of autopsies during the SARS-CoV-19 epidemic is proposed. In particular, the point is made of the Italian laws on the subject, the characteristics required for the autopsy room and the sampling suggested for the histological examination.

The noise in our brain: A systematic review and meta-analysis of neuroimaging and signal-detection studies on source monitoring in psychosis.

Objectives: Noisy thoughts or perceptions are characteristics of psychosis (PSY) and, they are deeply related to source monitoring (SM) - the ability to discriminate the origin of internal/external experiences.

Methods: This MOOSE, PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis compared SM performances in PSY compared to healthy controls (HC) focusing on signal-to-noise discrimination in order to: i) test whether neuroimaging procedures (fMRI/EEG) might be a group-specific source of noise for SM; ii) compare error- and accuracy-based indexes; iii) to meta-analyze signal-detection measures (i.e.

Clinical relevance of gene mutations and rearrangements in advanced differentiated thyroid cancer.

Background: Tumor genotyping is becoming crucial to optimize the clinical management of patients with advanced differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC); however, its implementation in clinical practice remains undefined. We herein report our single-center experience on molecular advanced DTC testing by next-generation sequencing approach, to better define how and when tumor genotyping can assist clinical decision making.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively collected data on all adult patients with advanced DTC who received molecular profiling at the IRCSS Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital from 2008 to 2022.

Should perception of emotions be classified according to threat detection rather than emotional valence? An updated meta-analysis for a whole-brain atlas of emotional faces processing.

Background: Human navigation of social interactions relies on the processing of emotion on faces. This meta-analysis aimed to produce an updated brain atlas of emotional face processing from whole-brain studies based on a single emotional face-viewing paradigm (PROSPERO CRD42022251548).

Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search of Embase, MEDLINE and PsycINFO from May 2008 to October 2021.

Water and sediment pesticide contamination on indigenous lands surrounded by oil palm plantations in the Brazilian Amazon.

Large-scale oil palm cultivation with intensive pesticide use has been growing worldwide and reached the Brazilian Amazon. The rapid expansion of this crop over the last decade has reached vast areas, including the boundaries of different indigenous lands. This study aimed at assessing the occurrence of pesticide residues in surface and ground waters as well as drainage sediments in the Turé-Mariquita Indigenous Territory, in addition to other nearby indigenous villages in the northeastern state of Pará.

Time will tell: Associations between unbalanced time perspectives and symptom severity in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) experience disrupted temporality on the immediate timescale. However, insufficient information is available for longer time frames, and the interaction of temporal perspectives with the clinical manifestations of SSD is unknown. We explored the association between unbalanced time perspectives and symptom severity.

The lived experience of depression: a bottom-up review co-written by experts by experience and academics.

We provide here the first bottom-up review of the lived experience of depression, co-written by experts by experience and academics. First-person accounts within and outside the medical field were screened and discussed in collaborative workshops involving numerous individuals with lived experience of depression, family members and carers, representing a global network of organizations. The material was enriched by phenomenologically informed perspectives and shared with all collaborators in a cloud-based system.

Progressive Voxel-Wise Homotopic Connectivity from childhood to adulthood: Age-related functional asymmetry in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Homotopic connectivity during resting state has been proposed as a risk marker for neurologic and psychiatric conditions, but a precise characterization of its trajectory through development is currently lacking. Voxel-Mirrored Homotopic Connectivity (VMHC) was evaluated in a sample of 85 neurotypical individuals aged 7-18 years. VMHC associations with age, handedness, sex, and motion were explored at the voxel-wise level.

Time perspective affects daily time use and daily functioning in individuals with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: Results from the multicentric DiAPAson study.

Time perspective (TP) influences various aspects of human life. We aimed to explore the associations between TP, daily time use, and levels of functioning among 620 patients (313 residential patients and 307 outpatients) with a diagnosis of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD) recruited from 37 different centres in Italy. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and the Specific Levels of Functioning (SLOF) were used to assess psychiatric symptoms severity and levels of functioning.

Prevalence and incidence of psychotic disorders in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: a meta-analysis.

22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q.11.

Quetiapine Treatment for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Paroxetine and Sertraline are the only medications approved in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, about 60% of traumatized patients fail to show an adequate clinical response. Second generation antipsychotics are recommended as second-line monotherapy or third-line augmentation strategies and quetiapine appears as one of the most used and promising agents.

Physical Health in Clinical High Risk for Psychosis Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: The clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P) phase represents an opportunity for prevention and early intervention in young adults, which also could focus on improving physical health trajectories.

Methods: We conducted a RECORD-compliant clinical register-based cohort study. The primary outcome was to describe the physical health of assessed CHR-P individuals, obtained via Electronic Health Records at the South London and Maudsley (SLaM) NHS Foundation Trust, UK (January 2013-October 2020).

Efficacy of Olanzapine in Anxiety Dimension of Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Anxiety symptoms and anxiety disorders are frequent in patients with schizophrenia and are associated with greater severity of both positive and negative symptoms, cognitive impairment, poorer functioning and quality of life. Accumulating evidence suggests that atypical antipsychotics may have a role in treating comorbid anxiety symptoms. A systematic review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Cochrane guidelines, selecting randomized control trials (RCTs) that evaluated efficacy of olanzapine on anxiety symptoms in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and included anxiety evaluation scales.

State-dependent reductions of local brain connectivity in schizophrenia and their relation to performance and symptoms: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

State-dependent reallocation of cognitive resources is impaired in schizophrenia and may be underlined by alterations in brain local-connectivity. Increasing evidence suggests local connectivity reductions from rest to task in healthy individuals, while insufficient information is available for schizophrenia spectrum. Resting-state and stop-signal task fMRI scans of 107 healthy controls and 32 patients with DSM-IV-TR schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were analyzed.

Lithium and Valproate in Bipolar Disorder: From International Evidence-based Guidelines to Clinical Predictors.

Since decades, lithium and valproate remain the pharmacological cornerstone to treat bipolar disorder. Different response patterns occur according to the phases of illness. At same time, individual pretreatment variables may concur to determine a specific drug-response.