Pharmacokinetics of -Inositol in a Wistar Rat Animal Model.

-inositol is the most popular inositol in living organisms, where it is present as a sugar alcohol, in a free form, and can also be described as a lipid. The aim of this study was to check the concentration change of a myo-inositol solution from the time of oral administration and over a 48 h period in Wistar-type rats. All rats received 2 g/kg of inositol as a solution in distilled water by oral gavage.

Proof-of-concept study on improved efficacy of rHuEPO administered as a long-term infusion in rats.

Background: Human recombinant erythropoietin (rHuEPO) is often used in the treatment of diseases associated with a decreased production of red blood cells (RBC), such as chronic renal failure. rHuEPO is typically administered as an intravenous or subcutaneous (SC) injection every few days. The low minimum effective concentration (MEC) of rHuEPO, compared to the concentrations observed after standard doses, suggests that a low dose of the drug administered as a long-term infusion should be efficacious.

How to model temporal changes in nontargeted metabolomics study? A Bayesian multilevel perspective.

Analysis of time series data addresses the question on mechanisms underlying normal physiology and its alteration under pathological conditions. However, adding time variable to high-dimension, collinear, noisy data is a challenge in terms of mining and analysis. Here, we used Bayesian multilevel modeling for time series metabolomics in vivo study to model different levels of random effects occurring as a consequence of hierarchical data structure.

Quantitative determination of trigonelline in mouse serum by means of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-MS/MS analysis: Application to a pharmacokinetic study.

Trigonelline is a pyridine alkaloid found in fenugreek seeds and coffee beans. Most of the previous studies are concerned with the quantification of trigonelline along with other constituents in coffee herbs or beverages. Only a few have focused on its determination in animal or human tissues by applying different modes of HPLC with UV or MS detection.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of propofol in cancer patients undergoing major lung surgery.

Despite the growing number of cancer cases and cancer surgeries around the world, the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of anesthetics used in this population are poorly understood. Patients operated due to cancer are usually in severe state and often require chemotherapy. It might affect the PK/PD of drugs used in this population.

The influence of the time of day on midazolam pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in rabbits.

Background: This study evaluates the time-of-day effect on midazolam and 1-OH midazolam pharmacokinetics, and on the sedative pharmacodynamic response in rabbits. Also, circadian fluctuations in rabbits' vital signs, such as the blood pressure, heart rate and body temperature were examined. The water intake was measured in order to confirm the presence of the animals' diurnal activity.

Preliminary studies on trigonelline as potential anti-Alzheimer disease agent: determination by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and modeling of interactions with beta-amyloid.

For trigonelline, a quaternary-base pyridine alkaloid of presumed Alzheimer's disease-preventing activity, a method of determination has been proposed, based on the hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC). That method might be applied to study the agent's bioavailability, in particular its permeation through blood-brain barrier, which is an inevitable property for the potential central nervous system affecting drugs. Providing that trigonelline possesses the requested pharmacokinetic properties, once attaining pharmacodynamic phase it must interact effectively with the relevant molecular site in the brain, which is characteristic to neurodegenerative diseases, namely the beta-amyloid peptide.

The favorable kinetics and balance of nebivolol-stimulated nitric oxide and peroxynitrite release in human endothelial cells.

Background: Nebivolol is a third-generation beta-blocker used to treat hypertension. The vasodilation properties of nebivolol have been attributed to nitric oxide (NO) release. However, the kinetics and mechanism of nebivolol-stimulated bioavailable NO are not fully understood.

Influence of time of day on propofol pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in rabbits.

This study evaluates the administration time-of-day effects on propofol pharmacokinetics and sedative response in rabbits. Nine rabbits were sedated with 5 mg/kg propofol at three local clock times: 10:00, 16:00, and 22:00 h. Each rabbit served as its own control by being given a single infusion at the three different times of day on three separate occasions.