Genomic and metagenomic analysis reveals shared resistance genes and mobile genetic elements in E. coli and Klebsiella spp. isolated from hospital patients and hospital wastewater at intra- and inter-genus level.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global problem that gives serious cause for concern. Hospital wastewater (HWW) is an important link between the clinical setting and the natural environment, and an escape route for pathogens that cause hospital infections, including urinary tract infections (UTI). Bacteria of the genera Escherichia and Klebsiella are common etiological factors of UTI, especially in children, and they can cause short-term infections, as well as chronic conditions.

The influence of combined treatment of municipal wastewater and landfill leachate on the spread of antibiotic resistance in the environment - A preliminary case study.

Environmentally-friendly management of landfill leachate (LL) poses a challenge, and LL is usually co-treated with municipal wastewater in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The extent to which the co-treatment of LL and municipal wastewater influences the spread of antibiotic resistance (AR) in the environment has not been examined to date. Two WWTPs with similar wastewater composition and technology were studied.

Chlorine disinfection modifies the microbiome, resistome and mobilome of hospital wastewater - A nanopore long-read metagenomic approach.

The aim of the present study was to analyze changes in the microbiome, resistome, and mobilome of hospital wastewater (HWW) induced by disinfection with chlorine compounds. Changes in bacterial communities and specific antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in HWW were determined with the use of a nanopore long-read metagenomic approach. The main hosts of ARGs in HWW were identified, and the mobility of resistance mechanisms was analyzed.

The Impact of Chlorine Disinfection of Hospital Wastewater on Clonal Similarity and ESBL-Production in Selected Bacteria of the Family Enterobacteriaceae.

Hospitals are regarded as ecological niches of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB). ARB can spread outside the hospital environment via hospital wastewater (HWW). Therefore, HWW is often disinfected in local stations to minimize that risk.

Metagenomics analysis of probable transmission of determinants of antibiotic resistance from wastewater to the environment - A case study.

During mechanical-biological treatment, wastewater droplets reach the air with bioaerosols and pose a health threat to wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) employees and nearby residents. Microbiological pollutants and antimicrobial resistance determinants are discharged to water bodies with treated wastewater (TWW), which poses a potential global epidemiological risk. In the present study, the taxonomic composition of microorganisms was analyzed, and the resistome profile and mobility of genes were determined by metagenomic next-generation sequencing in samples of untreated wastewater (UWW), wastewater collected from an activated sludge (AS) bioreactor, TWW, river water collected upstream and downstream from the wastewater discharge point, and in upper respiratory tract swabs collected from WWTP employees.

Characterization of carbapenem resistance in environmental samples and Acinetobacter spp. isolates from wastewater and river water in Poland.

The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of carbapenem resistance genes in Acinetobacter spp. isolated from wastewater in a municipal WWTP and to determine their spread from treated wastewater to river water with the use of conventional and molecular microbiology methods (qualitative and quantitative PCR and metagenomic analysis). Samples of untreated and treated wastewater and samples of river water obtained upstream and downstream from the wastewater discharge point were collected in 3 seasons (February, June, and September) of 2019.

Structure of the manure resistome and the associated mobilome for assessing the risk of antimicrobial resistance transmission to crops.

In this study, the impact of bovine and poultry manure on the quantitative and qualitative composition of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and the environmental mobilome associated with antimicrobial resistance in soil and crops was determined with the use of next generation sequencing methods. The aim of the study was to perform a metagenomic analysis of manure to estimate the risk of the transmission of ARGs and bacterial drug resistance carriers to fertilized soil and crops. The total copy number of ARGs was nearly four times higher in poultry manure (555 ppm) than in bovine manure (140 ppm), and this relationship was also noted in fertilized soil.

Detection of carbapenemase-producing, hypervirulent Klebsiella spp. in wastewater and their potential transmission to river water and WWTP employees.

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) release drug-resistant microorganisms to water bodies (with effluents), and WWTP employees are exposed to bioaerosol emissions from the processed wastewater. Bacteria of the genus Klebsiella, in particular carbapenemase-producing (CP), hyper-virulent (Hvr) strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, play a special role in this process. Klebsiella spp.

Industrialization as a source of heavy metals and antibiotics which can enhance the antibiotic resistance in wastewater, sewage sludge and river water.

The spread of antibiotic resistance is closely related with selective pressure in the environment. Wastewater from industrialized regions is characterized by higher concentrations of these pollutants than sewage from less industrialized areas. The aim of this study was to compare the concentrations of contaminants such as antibiotics and heavy metals (HMs), and to evaluate their impact on the spread of genes encoding resistance to antimicrobial drugs in samples of wastewater, sewage sludge and river water in two regions with different levels of industrialization.

Microbial and chemical pollutants on the manure-crops pathway in the perspective of "One Health" holistic approach.

This study determined the impact of poultry and bovine manure fertilization on the content of antibiotics, heavy metals (HMs), and the quantitative and qualitative composition of integrase and antibiotic resistance genes in soil, groundwater, and crops cultivated on manure-amended plots. Antibiotic concentration levels were analyzed using the HPLC-MS/MS, heavy metal concentration level were measured by HGAAS and ICP-OES, while the integrase genes and ARGs were quantified using Real-Time PCR (qPCR) method. Manure, soil, and crops samples contained the highest concentration of Zn (10-10 ng g) and Cu (10-10 ng g) of all HMs tested.

The prevalence of drug-resistant and virulent Staphylococcus spp. in a municipal wastewater treatment plant and their spread in the environment.

Drug-resistant and pathogenic Staphylococcus spp. strains can reach surface waters and air with wastewater evacuated to the environment. These strains increase the environmental pool of genetic determinants conferring antibiotic resistance and virulence, and constitute a health risk for the employees of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) who come into daily contact with bioaerosols.