Why are newly qualified motorists at high crash risk? Modelling driving behaviours across the first six months of driving.

Objective: Novice driver crash risk diminishes steeply over the first few months of driving. We explore the characteristics of driving over this period to identify behaviours that might underlie this change in risk.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 1456 UK drivers aged 17-21 within six months of gaining their licence.

Impulsive and Self-Regulatory Processes in Risky Driving Among Young People: A Dual Process Model.

The present study empirically examined a novel dual process model of self-reported aberrant driving behavior in young and novice drivers that incorporates both impulsive and self-regulatory processes. Four hundred and nine participants aged 18-25 years ( age = 21.18 years, = 2.

Why do drivers become safer over the first three months of driving? A longitudinal qualitative study.

Drivers are at high crash risk when they begin independent driving, with liability decreasing steeply over the first three months. Their behavioural development, and other changes underlying improved safety are not well understood. We adopted an innovative longitudinal qualitative design, with thirteen newly qualified drivers completing a total of 36 semi-structured interviews, one, two and three months after acquiring a full UK driving license.

Detection of vehicle approach in the presence of additional motion and simulated observer motion at road junctions.

One of the key contributory factors for accident involvement is the misjudgment of vehicle approach. Past research has indicated that individuals can use the rate of visual "looming" in order to judge the time to arrival (TTA) of approaching vehicles. Although a large number of road traffic collisions occur at roadside junctions, very little research has focused on individuals' abilities to detect the onset of visual looming within a complex road scene at junction scenarios.

Errors in motion processing amongst older drivers may increase accident risk.

Accident statistics highlight that older drivers are more frequently involved in right-of-way collisions than younger drivers. Accurately gauging vehicle speed is critical for judgement of when to pull out from a junction safely in front of oncoming traffic. We used psychophysical methods to measure drivers' ability to discriminate between different rates of looming presented by vehicles approaching at different speeds.

Reduced sensitivity to visual looming inflates the risk posed by speeding vehicles when children try to cross the road.

Almost all locomotor animals respond to visual looming or to discrete changes in optical size. The need to detect and process looming remains critically important for humans in everyday life. Road traffic statistics confirm that children up to 15 years old are overrepresented in pedestrian casualties.

Evaluating the effectiveness of a road safety education intervention for pre-drivers: an application of the theory of planned behaviour.

Background: Young drivers are overrepresented in road traffic fatalities and collisions. Attempts to address this problem with pre-driver education have not met with unambiguous success. However, there is a lack of research on whether pre-driver education can change psychological antecedents to behaviour.

Home advantage and player nationality in international club football.

The home advantage effect was investigated at a team and player level in Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) Champions League football using in-depth performance and disciplinary variables. Performance analysis revealed that the home team scored more goals, had more shots on and off target, had a greater share of possession, and won more corners than the away team. There was an opposite trend for disciplinary variables, with the home team committing less fouls than the away team, and receiving less yellow and red cards.

An application of the theory of planned behaviour to truck driving behaviour and compliance with regulations.

A questionnaire study was conducted with truck drivers to help understand driving and compliance behaviour using the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). Path analysis examined the ability of the TPB to explain the direct and indirect factors involved in self-reported driving behaviour and regulation compliance. Law abiding driving behaviour in trucks was related more to attitudes, subjective norms and intentions than perceived behavioural control.

Is speeding a "real" antisocial behavior? A comparison with other antisocial behaviors.

The relationship between speed and crashes has been well established in the literature, with the consequence that speed reduction through enforced or other means should lead to a reduction in crashes. The extent to which the public regard speeding as a problem that requires enforcement is less clear. Analysis was conducted on public perceptions of antisocial behaviors including speeding traffic.