Fluoroscopy-free cryoablation of atrial fibrillation guided solely by transoesophageal echocardiography: a case report.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation has been shown to be possible using minimal or no fluoroscopic imaging for guidance. However, the techniques previously described focus on radiofrequency ablation or rely on the use of resource-heavy technology such as intra-cardiac echocardiography. We describe the first reported case in the literature of successful fluoroscopy-free AF cryoablation guided solely by transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE).