Influence of study characteristics, methodological rigour and publication bias on efficacy of pharmacotherapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised, placebo-controlled trials.

Question: We examined the effect of study characteristics, risk of bias and publication bias on the efficacy of pharmacotherapy in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

Study Selection And Analysis: We conducted a systematic search of double-blinded, placebo-controlled, short-term RCTs with selective serotonergic reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or clomipramine. We performed a random-effect meta-analysis using change in the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) as the primary outcome.

Treatments for partial remission of major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Question: Partial remission of major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating and distressing clinical state related to chronicity, morbidity and relapse. Although one-third of patients remit partially, evidence for treatment efficacy is unclear. We provide an overview of treatment options and their efficacy.

Cognitive and psychiatric outcomes in the GALAXY trial: effect of anaesthesia in deep brain stimulation.

Background: This study aims: (1) To compare cognitive and psychiatric outcomes after bilateral awake versus asleep subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery for Parkinson's disease (PD). (2) To explore the occurrence of psychiatric diagnoses, cognitive impairment and quality of life after surgery in our whole sample. (3) To validate whether we can predict postoperative cognitive decline.

The functional connectome in obsessive-compulsive disorder: resting-state mega-analysis and machine learning classification for the ENIGMA-OCD consortium.

Current knowledge about functional connectivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is based on small-scale studies, limiting the generalizability of results. Moreover, the majority of studies have focused only on predefined regions or functional networks rather than connectivity throughout the entire brain. Here, we investigated differences in resting-state functional connectivity between OCD patients and healthy controls (HC) using mega-analysis of data from 1024 OCD patients and 1028 HC from 28 independent samples of the ENIGMA-OCD consortium.

Ethnic differences in response to atypical antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia: individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised placebo-controlled registration trials submitted to the Dutch Medicines Evaluation Board.

Background: Little is known about the effect of ethnicity on the response to antipsychotic medication in patients with schizophrenia.

Aims: To determine whether ethnicity moderates the response to antipsychotic medication in patients with schizophrenia, and whether this moderation is independent of confounders.

Method: We analysed 18 short-term, placebo-controlled registration trials of atypical antipsychotic medications in patients with schizophrenia ( = 3880).

Gender differences in the response to antipsychotic medication in patients with schizophrenia: An individual patient data meta-analysis of placebo-controlled studies.

Objective: To determine whether gender and menopausal status moderate the response to antipsychotic medication in patients with schizophrenia.

Methods: We analyzed data of 22 short-term placebo-controlled registration trials of antipsychotic medications, which included 5,231 patients with schizophrenia. We applied two-step individual patient data meta-regression analyses to establish the influence of gender and menopausal status on treatment response in mean difference in symptom severity and difference in response (>30% symptom reduction).

Augmenting neurocognitive remediation therapy to Preventive Cognitive Therapy for partially remitted depressed patients: protocol of a pragmatic multicentre randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects 163 million people globally every year. Individuals who experience subsyndromal depressive symptoms during remission (ie, partial remission of MDD) are especially at risk for a return to a depressive episode within an average of 4 months. Simultaneously, partial remission of MDD is associated with work and (psycho)social impairment and a lower quality of life.

The neurobiology of treatment-resistant depression: A systematic review of neuroimaging studies.

Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a debilitating condition associated with higher medical costs, increased illness burden, and reduced quality of life compared to non-treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD). The question arises whether TRD can be considered a distinct MDD sub-type based on neurobiological features. To answer this question we conducted a systematic review of neuroimaging studies investigating the neurobiological differences between TRD and non-TRD.

Cognitive behavioral therapy for misophonia: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: Patients with misophonia suffer from anger or disgust confronted with specific sounds such as smacking or breathing. Avoidance of cue-related situations results in social isolation and significant functional impairment. This is the first randomized, controlled cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) trial for misophonia, evaluating the short- and long-term efficacy.

Apathy Induced by Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease: A Meta-Analysis.

Apathy, the loss of motivation, is a common problem in Parkinson's disease (PD) and often observed following deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN). The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the occurrence of apathy following STN DBS in literature. Relevant articles were searched in PubMed/Medline, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Web of Sciences electronic databases.

Effectiveness of Emotional Memory Reactivation vs Control Memory Reactivation Before Electroconvulsive Therapy in Adult Patients With Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Although electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is often effective, approximately half of patients with depression undergoing ECT do not benefit sufficiently, and relapse rates are high. ECT sessions have been shown to weaken reactivated memories. The effect of emotional memory retrieval on cognitive schemas remains unknown.

The Link Between Structural and Functional Brain Abnormalities in Depression: A Systematic Review of Multimodal Neuroimaging Studies.

Background: Adequate and timely identification of depression is essential to improve patient care. A potential method to achieve this is by using neuroimaging. Many neuroimaging studies have revealed widespread abnormalities in brain structure and function in patients with depression, but in most studies only single neuroimaging modalities were used.

Early Nonresponse in the Antipsychotic Treatment of Acute Mania: A Criterion for Reconsidering Treatment? Results From an Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis.

Objective: To investigate whether early nonresponse to antipsychotic treatment of acute mania predicts treatment failure and, if so, to establish the best definition or criterion of an early nonresponse.

Data Sources: Short-term efficacy studies assessing antipsychotics that were submitted to the Dutch Medicines Evaluation Board during an 11-year period as part of the marketing authorization application for the indication of acute manic episode of bipolar disorder. Pharmaceutical companies provided their raw patient data, which enabled us to perform an individual patient data meta-analysis.

Does Insight Affect the Efficacy of Antipsychotics in Acute Mania?: An Individual Patient Data Regression Meta-Analysis.

Patients having an acute manic episode of bipolar disorder often lack insight into their condition. Because little is known about the possible effect of insight on treatment efficacy, we examined whether insight at the start of treatment affects the efficacy of antipsychotic treatment in patients with acute mania. We used individual patient data from 7 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled registration studies of 4 antipsychotics in patients with acute mania (N = 1904).

Annual incidence rate of schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders in a longitudinal population-based cohort study.

Background: Longitudinal incidence studies of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) performed in mental health service organizations are prone to confounding factors not found in research performed in the general population.

Objectives: To estimate the incidence rates (IRs) over a 10-year period of SSD (broadly defined) and schizophrenia (narrowly defined) in the general population and to analyze associated risk factors.

Methods: A cohort study (1996-2006) in a large general practitioners research database was conducted with longitudinal medical records of 350,524 patients throughout the Netherlands.

Active stimulation site of nucleus accumbens deep brain stimulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder is localized in the ventral internal capsule.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic psychiatric disorder characterized by persistent thoughts and repetitive ritualistic behaviours. Despite optimal cognitive-behavioral and pharmacological therapy, approximately 10 % of patients remain treatment-resistant. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is being investigated as experimental therapy for treatment-refractory OCD.

Electroconvulsive therapy has acute immunological and neuroendocrine effects in patients with major depressive disorder.

Background: Major depressive disorder is associated with alterations in the neuroendocrine as well as immune system. Few studies examined the impact of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) on these systems in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).

Methods: In this explorative study 12 patients suffering from medication-resistant MDD or MDD with psychotic features were studied during the first, the fifth and eleventh session of ECT.

Latent class analysis of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale symptoms in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Objective: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is phenomenologically heterogeneous, and findings of underlying structure classification based on symptom grouping have been ambiguous to date. Variable-centered approaches, primarily factor analysis, have been used to identify homogeneous groups of symptoms; but person-centered latent methods have seen little use. This study was designed to uncover sets of homogeneous groupings within 1611 individuals with OCD based on symptoms.