The Intersection of Heart Failure and Iron Deficiency Anemia: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches.

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is highly prevalent among individuals with heart failure (HF), impacting 40-70% of patients and serving as a significant prognostic indicator. Linked with oxidative metabolism and myocardial cell damage, IDA exacerbates HF symptoms, including reduced exercise capacity, diminished quality of life, and heightened cardiovascular morbidity. This review explores the diagnosis, treatment, clinical outcomes, prognostic indicators, and forthcoming challenges associated with IDA in HF patients.

Heart Transplantation and Left Ventricular Assist Devices: Long-Term Prognosis and Effects on Mental Health.

Heart transplantation and left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) have emerged as crucial interventions for end-stage heart failure, dramatically improving patient outcomes. This narrative review examines their historical context, indications, procedures, and outcomes, as well as their impact on long-term survival, quality of life, functional status, and mental health. While heart transplantation remains the optimal treatment, donor scarcity limits its application.