Harnessing the potential of the NALT and BALT as targets for immunomodulation using engineering strategies to enhance mucosal uptake.

Mucosal barrier tissues and their mucosal associated lymphoid tissues (MALT) are attractive targets for vaccines and immunotherapies due to their roles in both priming and regulating adaptive immune responses. The upper and lower respiratory mucosae, in particular, possess unique properties: a vast surface area responsible for frontline protection against inhaled pathogens but also simultaneous tight regulation of homeostasis against a continuous backdrop of non-pathogenic antigen exposure. Within the upper and lower respiratory tract, the nasal and bronchial associated lymphoid tissues (NALT and BALT, respectively) are key sites where antigen-specific immune responses are orchestrated against inhaled antigens, serving as critical training grounds for adaptive immunity.

Robust tissue adhesion in biomedical applications: enhancing polymer stability in an injectable protein-based hydrogel.

Protein-based hydrogels are appealing materials for a variety of therapeutic uses because they are compatible, biodegradable, and adaptable to biological and chemical changes. Therefore, adherent varieties of hydrogels have received significant study; nevertheless, the majority of them show weak mechanical characteristics, transient adherence, poor biocompatibility activity, and low tensile strength. Here we are reporting, a two-component (BSA-gelatin) protein solution crosslinked with Tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride (THPC) to form a novel hydrogel.