Gender affirmation and mental health in prison: A critical review of current corrections policy for trans people in Australia and New Zealand.

Background: Trans people in prison experience disproportionate rates of harm, including negative mental health outcomes, and thus require special protections. Instead, corrections policies have historically further marginalised them. This critical policy review aimed to compare corrections policies for trans people in Australia and New Zealand with human rights standards and consider their mental health impact.

Linking Electronic Health Records to the American Community Survey: Feasibility and Process.

To assess linkages of patient data from a health care system in the southeastern United States to microdata from the American Community Survey (ACS) with the goal of better understanding health disparities and social determinants of health in the population. Once a data use agreement was in place, a stratified random sample of approximately 200 000 was drawn of patients aged 25 to 74 years with at least 2 visits between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2019. Information from the sampled electronic health records (EHRs) was transferred securely to the Census Bureau, put through the Census Person Identification Validation System to assign Protected Identification Keys (PIKs) as unique identifiers wherever possible.

Enhanced functionalisation of major facilitator superfamily transporters via fusion of C-terminal protein domains is both extensive and varied in bacteria.

The evolution of gene fusions that result in covalently linked protein domains is widespread in bacteria, where spatially coupling domain functionalities can have functional advantages in vivo. Fusions to integral membrane proteins are less widely studied but could provide routes to enhance membrane function in synthetic biology. We studied the major facilitator superfamily (MFS), as the largest family of transporter proteins in bacteria, to examine the extent and nature of fusions to these proteins.

Data sources for identifying low-income, uninsured populations: application to public health-National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program.

Objective: To provide information on the sources of data for estimating low-income, uninsured populations. To recommend uses of these data sources. To demonstrate the application of these data sources in the public health field, using the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program as an example.

Cervical cancer screening of underserved women in the United States: results from the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program, 1997-2012.

Objective: The National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP) provides breast and cervical cancer screens to low-income, uninsured, and underinsured women. We describe the number and proportion of women eligible for cervical cancer screening services and the proportion of eligible women screened over the period 1997-2012.

Methods: Low-income, uninsured, and underinsured women aged 18-64 years who have not had a hysterectomy are eligible for cervical cancer screening through the NBCCEDP.

Breast cancer screening of underserved women in the USA: results from the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program, 1998-2012.

Objective: To describe the number and proportion of eligible women receiving mammograms funded by the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP).

Methods: Low-income, uninsured, and underinsured women aged 40-64 are eligible for mammography screening through the NBCCEDP. We used data from the NBCCEDP, the Current Population Survey, and Medical Expenditure Panel Survey to describe the number and proportion of women screened by the NBCCEDP and overall.

Fear conditioning is associated with synaptogenesis in the lateral amygdala.

Fear conditioning in the rat typically involves pairing a conditioned stimulus (tone) with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (foot shock) which elicits a freeze response. Although the circuitry that underlies this form of learning is well defined, potential synaptic changes associated with this form of learning have not been fully investigated. This experiment examined synaptic structural plasticity in the lateral amygdala which is critical for the acquisition of the conditioned fear response.

Delivering wound management in a social setting.

As a District Nursing Sister based at a small village surgery, this is a personal account of the author's experiences introducing a new approach for delivering holistic wound management to patients. It deals with the practical and emotional challenges of overcoming barriers to change and forging new working relationships, both within the nursing team and with the patients and wider community. With the encouragement and support of Ellie Lindsay, originator of the Lindsay Leg Club model, Combs Ford Leg Club was set up in 2000 to provide leg ulcer management in an empowered and stigma-free environment.

Effects of short and long incubations on DNA fragmentation of testicular sperm.

DNA fragmentation in testicular sperm from men with obstructive azoospermia is increased by 4-hour and 24-hour incubations and after cryopreservation with the effect is intensified by post-thaw incubation. Testicular sperm for use in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) should be injected without delay.

Incidence of Fas positivity and deoxyribonucleic acid double-stranded breaks in human ejaculated sperm.

Objective: To determine the incidence of Fas positivity and DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) as indicators of early- and late-stage apoptosis in ejaculated sperm.

Design: Fas positivity was assessed by flow cytometry and DSB by the neutral Comet assay.

Setting: Andrology Laboratory, Royal Maternity Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.

Brainstem maturation after antenatal steroids exposure in premature infants as evaluated by auditory brainstem-evoked response.

Objective: Antenatal steroids result in fetal lung maturation, but may retard brain development. Auditory brainstem-evoked response (ABR) is a noninvasive assessment of brainstem maturation. The objective of this study was to determine if antenatal steroids affect brainstem maturation in infants View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Bilirubin and serial auditory brainstem responses in premature infants.

Objectives: To determine the usefulness of the bilirubin-albumin (B:A) molar ratio (MR) and unbound bilirubin (UB) as compared with serum total bilirubin (TB) in predicting bilirubin encephalopathy as assessed by auditory brainstem responses (ABR) in infants of 28 to 32 weeks' gestational age.

Study Design: During a 2-year period, serial ABRs were obtained on 143 infants of 28 to 32 weeks' gestational age during the first postnatal week. Waveforms were categorized on the basis of response replicability and the presence of waves III and V.

Brainstem maturation in premature infants as a function of enteral feeding type.

Objective: To determine whether brainstem maturation as measured by brainstem auditory-evoked responses (BAERs) in preterm infants is a function of dietary intake.

Study Design: We obtained serial BAERs on infants 28 to 32 weeks' gestation at birth, cared for in the neonatal intensive care unit of a regional referral center in Upstate New York. Waveforms were analyzed for replicability and for the presence of waves III and V.

New York State universal newborn hearing screening demonstration project: effects of screening protocol on inpatient outcome measures.

Objective: To examine differences among various test protocols on the fail rate at hospital discharge for infants in the well-baby nursery (WBN) and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) who received hearing screening through a universal newborn hearing screening demonstration project.

Design: The outcomes of several screening protocols were examined. Two technologies were used: transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) alone or in combination with the auditory brain stem response (ABR).

The New York State universal newborn hearing screening demonstration project: ages of hearing loss identification, hearing aid fitting, and enrollment in early intervention.

Objective: To determine the ages of hearing loss identification, hearing aid fitting, and enrollment in early intervention through a multi-center, state-wide universal newborn hearing screening project.

Design: Universal newborn hearing screening was conducted at eight hospitals across New York State. All infants who did not bilaterally pass hearing screening before discharge were recalled for outpatient retesting.

The New York State universal newborn hearing screening demonstration project: outpatient outcome measures.

Objective: To investigate outpatient outcome measures of a multi-center, state-wide, universal newborn hearing screening project.

Design: Eight hospitals participated in a 3-yr, funded project. Each hospital designed its own protocol using common criteria for judging whether an infant passed a hearing screening.

New York State universal newborn hearing screening demonstration project: inpatient outcome measures.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of universal newborn hearing screening by examining inpatient outcome measures from 8 hospitals located in geographically diverse areas of New York State over a 3-yr period.

Design: Funding was provided by the New York State Department of Health to implement predischarge hearing screening programs in the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and well-baby nurseries (WBNs) of eight hospitals. Various screening protocols including transient evoked otoacoustic emissions alone or in combination with conventional auditory brain stem response or screening auditory brain stem response were implemented by each site.

Morphological changes in serial auditory brain stem responses in 24 to 32 weeks' gestational age infants during the first week of life.

Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to describe and quantify the sequential morphological changes in the auditory brain stem response (ABR) during the first postnatal week of life in very premature infants < or = 32 wk gestational age. These normative data could be useful in predicting neurological outcome in infants with perinatal risk factors.

Design: Sequential ABRs were recorded on a total of 135 infants on 5 out of the first 7 days of life.

Sensitization of haloperidol-induced hypophagia is contingent on behavioral experience with food.

Groups of rats were given injections of haloperiodol (0.31mg/kg) at weekly intervals either before or after access to sweetened milk. Control groups were given injections of saline.

Tinnitus as a function of duration and etiology: counselling implications.

Based on the data of 528 tinnitus patients, information is presented concerning: (a) conditions and/or activities that affect tinnitus severity, (b) tinnitus symptoms as a function of etiology, and (c) changes in tinnitus symptoms as a function of time since onset. The four most common conditions and/or activities that reduce tinnitus severity were sleep, listening to TV/radio, being in noise, or being in quiet. Many conditions and/or activities increased tinnitus severity.

Some effects of different maskers on psychophysical performance in discrimination and detection tasks.

Psychophysical performance was measured in a number of different tasks in order to compare performance under different masking conditions. With the noise masker set to provide a given amount of masking, frequency discrimination of a 4-kHz tone was shown to be worse in a lowpass noise than in a wideband noise. Discrimination of the intensity of the tone under these two masking conditions was comparable except at the lowest level of tone.