Background: Vaccines against COVID-19 are needed to overcome challenges associated with mitigating the global pandemic. We report the safety and immunogenicity of V590, a live recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-based COVID-19 vaccine candidate.
Methods: In this placebo-controlled, double-blind, three-part phase 1 study, healthy adults were randomised to receive a single intramuscular dose of vaccine or placebo.
Vaccination against hepatitis B (HepB) provides long-term protection against infection. This is despite a reduction in HepB surface antibody (anti-HBs) concentrations over time to levels below the well-accepted correlate of protection of ≥10 mIU/mL. Continued evidence of immune memory and protection despite declined anti-HBs concentrations can be demonstrated by HepB virus surface antigen challenge studies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is characterized by repeated formation of papillomas in the respiratory tract and is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6 and 11. Women with genital HPV infection are slow to develop weak humoral immunity, but respond robustly to the HPV vaccine. We wondered if people with RRP had a similar immune response.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Bezlotoxumab has been shown to prevent Clostridium difficile infection recurrence (rCDI) in high-risk patients.
Methods: We used whole genome sequencing to estimate the impact of bezlotoxumab on same-strain relapse or new-strain reinfection in MODIFY I/II trials. Reinfection with a new strain and relapse with the same strain were differentiated by the comparison of ribotype (RT) and pair-wise single-nucleotide whole genome sequencing (WGS) variations (PWSNV).
Background: Endogenous antibodies (eAbs) against Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile toxins may protect against recurrence of C. difficile infection (rCDI). This hypothesis was tested using placebo group data from MODIFY (Monoclonal Antibodies for C.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The optimum diagnostic test method for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) remains controversial due to variation in accuracy in identifying true CDI. This post hoc analysis examined the impact of CDI diagnostic testing methodology on efficacy outcomes in phase 3 MODIFY I/II trials.
Methods: In MODIFY I/II (NCT01241552/NCT01513239), participants received bezlotoxumab (10 mg/kg) or placebo during anti-CDI treatment for primary/recurrent CDI (rCDI).
Background: The fully human monoclonal antibody bezlotoxumab binds Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile toxin B and reduces recurrence rates in patients with C. difficile infection (CDI) receiving antibacterial treatment for a primary or recurrent episode.
Objectives: To investigate whether the timing of bezlotoxumab administration relative to the onset of antibacterial treatment affected clinical outcome in the Phase 3 trials MODIFY I (NCT01241552) and MODIFY II (NCT01513239).
Background: Although the incidence of infection (CDI) is increasing, available CDI treatment options are limited in terms of sustained response after treatment. This phase 3 trial assessed the efficacy and safety of surotomycin, a novel bactericidal cyclic lipopeptide, versus oral vancomycin in subjects with CDI.
Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, multicenter, international trial, subjects with CDI confirmed by a positive toxin result were randomized to receive surotomycin (250 mg twice daily) or vancomycin (125 mg 4 times daily) orally for 10 days.
Background: Clostridium difficile is the most common cause of infectious diarrhea in hospitalized patients. Recurrences are common after antibiotic therapy. Actoxumab and bezlotoxumab are human monoclonal antibodies against C.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Although newer studies have evaluated risk factors for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), the vast majority did not measure important biomarkers such as endogenous anti-toxin A and anti-toxin B antibody levels.
Methods: Data from the placebo group of a phase 2 trial testing monoclonal antibodies to C. difficile toxins A and B for preventing CDI recurrence (rCDI) were analyzed to assess risk factors associated with rCDI.
Background: In this analysis, we examine the incidence and clearance of external genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among heterosexual males aged 16-24 years.
Methods: A total of 1732 males aged 16-24 years old in the placebo arm of a quadrivalent HPV vaccine trial were included in this analysis. Participants were enrolled from 18 countries in Africa, the Asia-Pacific region, Europe, Latin America, and North America.
A small number of HPV types are related to a majority of HPV-related neoplastic lesions in humans. High-risk types such as HPV 16 and 18 are most often implicated, although other oncogenic and non-oncogenic HPV types can cause disease in men. The efficacy of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine (qHPV) against external genital lesions and intra-anal disease related to HPV in men has been demonstrated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImportance: Infections due to Staphylococcus aureus are serious complications of cardiothoracic surgery. A novel vaccine candidate (V710) containing the highly conserved S. aureus iron surface determinant B is immunogenic and generally well tolerated in volunteers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBacteremia is the second leading cause of death in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on hemodialysis. A vaccine eliciting long-term immune responses against Staphylococcus aureus in patients on chronic hemodialysis may reduce the incidence of bacteremia and its complications in these patients. V710 is a vaccine containing iron surface determinant B (IsdB), a highly conserved S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection can lead to significant disease in males, including anogenital warts, intraepithelial neoplasias, and several types of oral and anogenital cancers. The quadrivalent HPV (type 6/11/16/18) L1 virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine (qHPV vaccine; Gardasil) has recently been demonstrated to prevent persistent infection and associated disease related to vaccine HPV types in males. We report the overall immunogenicity results from a trial of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine in males.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The rate of anal cancer is increasing among both women and men, particularly men who have sex with men. Caused by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV), primarily HPV type 16 or 18, anal cancer is preceded by high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (grade 2 or 3). We studied the safety and efficacy of quadrivalent HPV vaccine (qHPV) against anal intraepithelial neoplasia associated with HPV-6, 11, 16, or 18 infection in men who have sex with men.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProphylactic vaccination with a quadrivalent HPV (types 6, 11, 16, 18) vaccine (qHPV) has been shown to prevent infection with HPV 6/11/16/18 and associated disease in women and more recently, in men. Here we report on the safety and reactogenicity of the qHPV vaccine in males. A total of 4,065 healthy males aged 16-26 years were enrolled into a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) and diseases caused by HPV are common in boys and men. We report on the safety of a quadrivalent vaccine (active against HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18) and on its efficacy in preventing the development of external genital lesions and anogenital HPV infection in boys and men.
Methods: We enrolled 4065 healthy boys and men 16 to 26 years of age, from 18 countries in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial.
Background: We examined the baseline prevalence of penile, scrotal, perineal/perianal, and intra-anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seronegative men who have sex with men (MSM).
Methods: Data were analyzed from 602 MSM aged 16-27 years with ≤ 5 lifetime sexual partners. Serum samples were tested for antibodies to HPV6/11/16/18.
Background: We examined the baseline prevalence of penile, scrotal, and perineal/perianal human papillomavirus (HPV) in heterosexual men (HM). We also evaluated baseline characteristics of HM to assess factors associated with prevalent HPV detection.
Methods: We tested serum samples from 3463 HM aged 16-24 years with 1-5 lifetime female sexual partners for antibodies to HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18.
Pediatr Infect Dis J
April 2010
Background: GARDASIL/SILGARD is a quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine with activity against HPV 6/11/16/18. In many countries, GARDASIL is recommended for routine use among adolescents at the same age as other vaccines. In this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of GARDASIL administered concomitantly with REPEVAX (diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, and poliomyelitis vaccine).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSignificant reductions in varicella incidence were reported from 1995 to 2000 in the varicella active surveillance sites of Antelope Valley (AV), California, and West Philadelphia (WP), Pennsylvania. We examined incidence rates, median age, and vaccination status of case patients for 1995-2005. Coverage data were from the National Immunization Survey.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFrequent varicella outbreaks with sizable impact on the US public health system have continued to occur despite the success of the country's 1-dose varicella vaccination program. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recently recommended adding a routine second dose of varicella vaccine and weighed economic projections as well as public health goals in their deliberations. This decision-tree-based analysis was conducted to evaluate the economic impact of the projected 2-dose varicella vaccination program as well as the existing 1-dose program.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTwo national surveys were conducted to evaluate the status of varicella case-based surveillance and outbreak response. Although progress toward national surveillance has been significant, a large number of jurisdictions are still without case-based surveillance. For jurisdictions beginning case-based surveillance with limited resources, a staged approach is recommended.
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