Omega-3 supplementation effects on cardiovascular risk and inflammatory profile in chronic kidney disease patients in hemodialysis treatment: An intervention study.

Background And Aims: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is characterized by slow, progressive, and irreversible kidney function loss and the disease itself and hemodialysis treatment can predispose an inflammatory state that increased cardiovascular complications, being one of major mortality causes in kidney patients. The study purpose was to evaluate nutritional profile and impacts of w-3 fatty acid supplementation on inflammatory parameters and cardiovascular events risk in patients with CKD undergoing hemodialysis treatment.

Methods: Non-randomized clinical trial, patients with CKD were randomly grouped into a control (n = 29) and supplemented (n = 30) group.

Adverse effects of systemic cancer therapy on skeletal muscle: myotoxicity comes out of the closet.

Purpose Of Review: Systemic cancer therapy-associated skeletal muscle wasting is emerging as a powerful impetus to the overall loss of skeletal muscle experienced by patients with cancer. This review explores the clinical magnitude and biological mechanisms of muscle wasting during systemic cancer therapy to illuminate this adverse effect. Emerging strategies for mitigation are also discussed.

Interdisciplinary Educational Interventions Improve Knowledge of Eating, Nutrition, and Physical Activity of Elementary Students.

This research aimed to evaluate the interdisciplinary educational intervention effects on knowledge of eating, nutrition, and physical activity in elementary-school students. Participants were 368 school children enrolled in public schools. The research was organized in three stages: pre-intervention, intervention and post-intervention.

The Relationship between Unintentional Weight Loss, Grading System and Overall Survival in Gastric Cancer Patients.

Cancer patients are highly vulnerable to weight loss and malnutrition, before chemotherapy, thus reducing overall survival (OS). The objective was assessing weight loss and OS prognostication in gastric cancer patients at baseline of chemotherapy treatment. Observational retrospective study with patients who were treating in cancer public clinic in Brazil, was evaluated weight loss and cachexia.

Clinical and nutritional characteristics on overall survival impact in patients with gastrointestinal cancer.

Background And Aims: Weight loss is present in most cancer patients, being even more frequent in gastrointestinal tract tumors (GIT). Malnourished patients may be at greater toxicity risk during treatment, which may interfere with survival. Tumor-triggered hypercatabolism can lead to impaired nutritional status.

Acrylamide induces a thyroid allostasis-adaptive response in prepubertal exposed rats.

Some endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can affect the endocrine system through covalent interactions with specific sites, leading to deregulation of physiological homeostasis. The acrylamide (AA) present in some fried or baked foods is an example of an electrophile molecule that is able to form adducts with nucleophilic regions of nervous system proteins leading to neurological defects. A positive correlation between increased urinary AA metabolite concentration and reduced levels of thyroid hormones (TH) was described in adolescents and young adults.

Prepubertal acrylamide exposure causes dose-response decreases in spermatic production and functionality with modulation of genes involved in the spermatogenesis in rats.

The increase in human infertility prevalence due to male reproductive disorders has been associated with extensive endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) exposure. Acrylamide (AA) is a compound formed spontaneously during heat processing of some foods that are mainly consumed by children and adolescents. In this study, we evaluated the prepubertal AA exposure effects on male adult reproductive physiology using a prepubertal experimental model to analyze the pubertal development, spermatogenesis hormones levels and genes expression involved in male reproductive function.

Barriers to cancer nutrition therapy: excess catabolism of muscle and adipose tissues induced by tumour products and chemotherapy.

Cancer-associated malnutrition is driven by reduced dietary intake and by underlying metabolic changes (such as inflammation, anabolic resistance, proteolysis, lipolysis and futile cycling) induced by the tumour and activated immune cells. Cytotoxic and targeted chemotherapies also elicit proteolysis and lipolysis at the tissue level. In this review, we summarise specific mediators and chemotherapy effects that provoke excess proteolysis in muscle and excess lipolysis in adipose tissue.

Does Oil Rich in Alpha-Linolenic Fatty Acid Cause the Same Immune Modulation as Fish Oil in Walker 256 Tumor-Bearing Rats?

Objective: Polyunsaturated fatty acids n-3 (PUFA n-3) have shown effects in reducing tumor growth, in particular eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) abundantly present in fish oil (FO). When these fatty acids are provided in the diet, they alter the functions of the cells, particularly in tumor and immune cells. However, the effects of α-linolenic fatty acid (ALA), which is the precursor of EPA and DHA, are controversial.

α-Linolenic Fatty Acid Supplementation Decreases Tumor Growth and Cachexia Parameters in Walker 256 Tumor-Bearing Rats.

Fish oil (FO) has been shown to affect cancer cachexia, tumor mass, and immunity cell. n-3 PUFA, specifically α-linolenic fatty acid (ALA), has controversial effects. We investigated this in nontumor-bearing Wistar rats fed regular chow (C), fed regular chow and supplemented with FO or Oro Inca oil (OI), and Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats fed regular chow (W), fed regular chow and supplemented with FO (WFO) or OI (WOI).

Low fish oil intake improves insulin sensitivity, lipid profile and muscle metabolism on insulin resistant MSG-obese rats.

Background: Obesity is commonly associated with diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. The purpose of this study was to determinate the effect of a lower dose of fish oil supplementation on insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, and muscle metabolism in obese rats.

Methods: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) (4 mg/g body weight) was injected in neonatal Wistar male rats.