Integration of 3D printed Mg potentiometric sensors into microfluidic devices for bioanalysis.

Electrochemical sensors provide an affordable and reliable approach towards the detection and monitoring of important biological species ranging from simple ions to complex biomolecules. The ability to miniaturize electrochemical sensors, coupled with their affordability and simple equipment requirements for signal readout, permits the use of these sensors at the point-of-care where analysis using non-invasively obtainable biofluids is receiving growing interest by the research community. This paper describes the design, fabrication, and integration of a 3D printed Mg potentiometric sensor into a 3D printed microfluidic device for the quantification of Mg in low-sample volume biological fluids.

Potentiometric detection of apomorphine in human plasma using a 3D printed sensor.

Apomorphine is a dopamine agonist that is used for the management of Parkinson's disease and has been proven to effectively decrease the off-time duration, where the symptoms recur, in Parkinson's disease patients. This paper describes the design and fabrication of the first potentiometric sensor for the determination of apomorphine in bulk and human plasma samples. The fabrication protocol involves stereolithographic 3D printing, which is a unique tool for the rapid fabrication of low-cost sensors.

Smartphone-based detection of levodopa in human sweat using 3D printed sensors.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the leading neurological disorders negatively impacting health on a global scale. Patients diagnosed with PD require frequent monitoring, prescribed medications, and therapy for extended periods as symptom severity worsens. The primary pharmaceutical treatment for PD patients is levodopa (L-Dopa) which reduces many symptoms experienced by PD patients (e.

3D Printed Ion-Selective Membranes and Their Translation into Point-of-Care Sensors.

This technical note describes a method for fabricating ion-selective membranes (ISMs) for use in potentiometric sensing by using 3D printing technology. Here, we demonstrate the versatility of this approach by fabricating ISMs and investigating their performance in both liquid-contact and solid-contact ion-selective electrode (ISE) configurations. Using 3D printed ISMs resulted in highly stable (drift of ∼17 μV/h) and highly reproducible (<1 mV deviation) measurements.