Quantification of temporomandibular joint space in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis assessed by cone beam computerized tomography.

Objective: To describe a method to calculate the total intra-articular volume (inter-osseous space) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) determined by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). This could be used as a marker of tissue proliferation and different degrees of soft tissue hyperplasia in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients.

Materials And Methods: Axial single-slice CBCT images of cross-sections of the TMJs of 11 JIA patients and 11 controls were employed.

Force Systems Produced by Different Cantilever Configurations during Deactivation.

Intrusion with a three-piece arch is routinely achieved during orthodontic treatment. This study aimed to experimentally determine how the cantilever design influences the generated force system. Both straight and arch-formed cantilever designs: tip-back (TB), flat curve (FC) deep curve (DC), and 3 mm and 6 mm high utility arch (UA3; UA6) were activated for 5 mm and 10 mm.

Cantilevers: Multi-Tool in Orthodontic Treatment.

This review aims to discuss and illustrate various uses of cantilevers to solve multiple clinical issues and prove their versatility. Cantilevers are commonly used in the segmented arch technique, and they can be designed to solve various clinical problems with highly predictable results. Its design and shape can modify the various combinations of vertical and horizontal forces.

The Effect of Ligature Type on Lateral Tooth Movement during Orthodontic Treatment with Lingual Appliances-An In Vitro Study.

(1) Background: One of the most challenging parts in lingual orthodontics is the control and correction of the tip of anterior teeth, due to the occlusal open vertical slot of the incisors in lingual systems. The presented experimental in-vitro study was performed to determine the maximal tipping moment of the anterior teeth between two types of lingual brackets, the Incognito™ Appliance System (Incognito, TOP-Service, Bad Essen, Germany) and Tip-Bar™ system (Incognito, TOP-Service, Bad Essen, Germany). Furthermore, twelve different ligation methods and two different ligature materials were investigated.

The Effect of Symmetric and Asymmetric Loading of Frontal Segment with Two Curved Cantilevers: An In Vitro Study.

Cantilevers generate statically determined force systems. The frontal segment loading with symmetric and asymmetric cantilevers in a three-piece intrusion base arch can be used to correct midline asymmetry. Three types of 0.

Comparison of Different Invisalign® and 3Shape® Attachment Shapes to Control Premolar Rotation.

To evaluate the differences of various Invisalign® attachments in their effectiveness during derotation of an upper second premolar in terms of forces and moments created and compare them to the 3Shape® box attachment as well as to no attachment at all. A Force System Identification (FSI) machine, comprising two load sensors, was used in this study. Sensor 1 was connected to the test tooth (i.

Image quality assessment of three cone beam computed tomography scanners-an analysis of the visibility of anatomical landmarks.

Background/objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate large field of view (FoV) subjective image quality of three cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) machines to assess the threshold for reliable diagnostic perceptibility when lowering exposure settings.

Materials And Methods: One entire cadaver's head was scanned using three CBCT scanners. The largest available FoV of each device, imaging orthodontic relevant structures, was applied.

Validity and Reproducibility of the Peer Assessment Rating Index Scored on Digital Models Using a Software Compared with Traditional Manual Scoring.

The aim of this study was to assess the validity and reproducibility of digital scoring of the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index and its components using a software, compared with conventional manual scoring on printed model equivalents. The PAR index was scored on 15 cases at pre- and post-treatment stages by two operators using two methods: first, digitally, on direct digital models using Ortho Analyzer software; and second, manually, on printed model equivalents using a digital caliper. All measurements were repeated at a one-week interval.

Orthodontically induced root resorption: A critical analysis of finite element studies' input and output.

Introduction: Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) constitutes an undesirable risk connected to orthodontic treatment. Finite element analysis (FEA) is a powerful tool to study the risk of OIIRR. However, its efficiency in predicting OIIRR depends on the insertion of the correct inputs and the selection of an output coherent with the clinical failure mechanism.

In vitro comparison of the torsional load transfer of various commercially available stainless-steel wires used for fixed retainers in orthodontics.

Objective: To assess the torsional load transfer of various commercially available stainless-steel wires used for fixed retainers.

Design: An in vitro study using a robotic device.

Setting: Department of Pediatric Oral Health and Orthodontics, University of Basel.

Reduced mesiodistal tooth dimension in individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare, hereditary disease affecting collagen type-1 in connective tissue. Collagen type-1 is a substantial component of dentine, and it is speculated, whether affected dentine could cause altered mesiodistal tooth dimension possibly affecting restorative treatment regimen. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to measure mesiodistal tooth dimensions in individuals with OI and compare them with healthy controls.

The biomechanical evaluation of magnetic forces to drive osteogenesis in newborn's with cleft lip and palate.

This study examined the potential for dental magnets to act as a driving force for osteogenesis in the palate of newborns with a unilateral cleft lip and palate. In the first part of the study dental magnets were arranged in a set up mimicking a distraction device and the curves of the magnetic attraction force versus gap distance curves generated, with and without the presence of palatal rugae tissue in between both sides of the distraction device. The attraction forces ranged from 1 to 12 N depending on the gap distance and the presence of soft tissue in the gap.

Individualization of the three-piece base arch mechanics according to various periodontal support levels: A finite element analysis.

Introduction: The orthodontic correction of periodontally compromised dentitions constitutes a huge challenge in the clinical practice of adult orthodontics. The biological and physical distinct features of these conditions require a carefully designed mechanical plan for the successful treatment of these complex cases.

Setting And Sample Population: A segment of a human maxilla containing the central and lateral incisors, obtained from autopsy, was scanned with microcomputed tomography, and a finite element (FE) model was generated to represent an intact periodontal dentition.

Influence of different storage temperatures on the mechanical properties of NiTi, Cu-NiTi and SS orthodontic archwires: An in vitro study.

Objective: Due to their exceptional temperature sensitivity, the mechanical properties of Nickel-titanium and Copper Nickel-titanium wires may be influenced by their storage temperature. This in turn may have clinical implications and may also affect the outcomes. This study analyzed the influence of storage temperatures on the mechanical properties of orthodontic wires in a laboratory setting.

Three-Dimensional Morphological Changes of the True Cleft under Passive Presurgical Orthopaedics in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

The aim of this cohort study was to quantify the morphological changes in the palatal cleft and true cleft areas with passive plate therapy using a new analysis method based on three-dimensional standardized reproducible landmarks. Forty-five casts of 15 consecutive patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate were laser scanned and investigated retrospectively. The landmarks and the coordinate system were defined, and the interrater and intrarater measurement errors were within 1.

Condylar changes in patients with idiopathic condylar resorption: retrospective 2-year follow-up CBCT-based case-control study.

Objectives: To compare condylar development and changes in condylar radiological appearance in patients with idiopathic condylar resorption (ICR) to a healthy, age- and gender matched, control group.

Materials And Methods: This case-control study included 16 ICR patients [mean age: 15years, 9 months; standard deviation (SD): 4 years) and 16 controls (mean age: 16 years, 8 months; SD: 4 years, 7 months), with diagnostic (T0) and 2-year follow-up (T1) CBCT examinations. Condylar changes were evaluated through changes in condylar neck angle (CNA), and the transversal, vertical and anteroposterior displacement of five condylar points between T0 and T1.

Evaluation of a Fluorescence-aided Identification Technique (FIT) to assist clean-up after orthodontic bracket debonding.

Objectives: To compare a fluorescence-aided identification technique (FIT) with a conventional light source (CLS) for removing composite during debonding of brackets with respect to time needed, composite remnants, and tooth substance loss.

Materials And Methods: Twelve maxillary models with 10 bovine teeth each were digitally surface-scanned and metal brackets were bonded on each tooth with Opal Seal and Opal Bond. Two operators: an experienced orthodontist (A) and an undergraduate student (B) received six models each and were asked to remove the composite remnants with a tungsten carbide bur and Sof-Lex discs by both a conventional light source (CLS group, n = 3), and fluorescent inducing light (FIT group, n = 3).

Palatal morphology in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients: Association with infant cleft dimensions and timing of hard palate repair.

Objectives: To assess the impact of cleft severity and timing of hard palate repair on palatal dimensions in unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) children.

Setting And Sample Population: Single-centre analysis within a multicenter RCT of primary surgery; 122 UCLP randomized to early hard palate closure (EHPC) at 12 months or delayed hard palate closure (DHPC) at 36 months; 28 frequency-matched controls.

Methods: Linear measurements of palatal height, width and length were performed on 116 digital models of UCLP subjects (8.

[Mandibular repositioning in adult patients. An alternative to surgery in some patients? A two-year follow-up].

Introduction: A number of adult patients with skeletal discrepancies refuse surgical intervention.

Aims: The aim was to assess the reaction to mandibular repositioning in simulating a skeletal correction in such patients.

Materials And Methods: 32 consecutive patients without any signs of temporo-mandibular dysfunction (TMD) were offered mandibular repositioning, as a non-invasive alternative and it was explained to them that the approach was based on the results described in case reports.

Evaluation of facial asymmetry in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Correlation between hard tissue and soft tissue landmarks.

Introduction: The aims of this study were to assess the correlation between facial hard and soft tissue asymmetry in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, to identify valid soft tissue points for clinical examination, and to assess the smallest clinically detectable level of dentofacial asymmetry.

Methods: Full-face cone-beam computed tomography scans and 3-dimensional photographs were used to assess facial hard and soft tissue asymmetry in 21 patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. A survey was conducted to assess how asymmetry is perceived observationally based on cone-beam computed tomography scans and 3-dimensional photographs.

Calcium phosphate precipitation in experimental gaps between fluoride-containing fast-setting calcium silicate cement and dentin.

A novel fast-setting calcium silicate cement containing fluoride (novel-CSC) has been developed for applications in tooth crowns. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of the novel-CSC to close the experimental gaps at the dentin-cement interface. The novel-CSC was tested against Vitrebond and GC Fuji II LC.

Corticotomy affects both the modus and magnitude of orthodontic tooth movement.

Objective: To analyze whether the decreased bone density due to the manipulation of bone remodeling rate has an influence on the type of the planned tooth movement.

Materials And Methods: A finite element model of a lower incisor has been developed. The density of the alveolar bone surrounding the tooth has been assumed to simulate the one occurring after corticotomy to increase tooth movement rate.

[Skeletal anchorage in the past, today and tomorrow].

Introduction: Skeletal anchorage was not introduced as an alternative to conventional anchorage modalities. The first skeletal anchorage was a ligature through a hole in the infrazygomatic crest. This was replaced by surgical screws and finally the TADs, which were optimized with respect to the material and morphology, were developed.

Quantification of the force systems delivered by transpalatal arches activated in the six Burstone geometries.

Objective: To evaluate the force systems produced by transpalatal arches (TPAs) activated according to the six classes of geometries described by Burstone and Koenig.

Materials And Methods: Sixty appliances were tested for first-order activations using a mechanical force testing system. The TPAs were first checked for passivity in sagittal, transverse, and vertical planes at the measuring machine.

Diametral tensile strength of novel fast-setting calcium silicate cement.

Novel fast-setting calcium silicate cement with fluoride (CSC) has been developed for potential applications in tooth crown. The aim of this study was to test the diametral tensile strength (DTS) of different CSC compositions in humid condition on day1, 28, and 180. We tested 'bond CSC' with 3.