Quercetin and Thyroid.

Quercetin is the most abundant flavonoid present in fruits and vegetables. For its antiproliferative, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antioxidants activities, it is an active ingredient of several herbal remedies and is available as a nutraceutical. Experimental studies performed in vitro have demonstrated that quercetin inhibits growth and function in normal thyroid cells and may act as a thyroid disruptor.

Brain metastasis mimicking a cavernous angioma as initial presentation of papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Summary: Brain metastases as the first clinical presentation of a papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) are exceptional, while cavernous angiomas are common cerebral malformations. We report the case of a 36-year-old male with an incidental brain lesion mimicking a cavernous angioma on MRI. Gamma knife radiosurgery was performed, but after 6 months, the patient developed neurological symptoms, and a repeat brain MRI revealed a significant increase in the mass.

Management of Renovascular Hypertension and Renal Denervation in Patients with Hypertension: An Italian Nationwide Survey.

Introduction: Renovascular hypertension (RVH) remains underdiagnosed despite its significant cardiovascular and renal morbidity.

Aim: This survey investigated screening and management practices for RVH among hypertensive patients in Italian hypertension centres in a real-life setting. Secondary, we analysed the current spread of renal denervation (RDN) and the criteria used for its eligibility.

Isolated hypoprolactinemia: The rarest of the rare?

Isolated hypoprolactinemia (IHP) can be defined as the presence of consistently low serum levels of prolactin in the absence of other anterior pituitary hormone abnormalities. It is an extremely rare condition, and consequently incompletely understood and unrecognized. A recent study has reported the first cases of IHP caused by mutation in the PRL gene.

Data-Driven Thyroglobulin Cutoffs for Low- and Intermediate-Risk Thyroid Cancer Follow-Up: ITCO Real-World Analysis.

Context: The utility of thyroglobulin (Tg) in the follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients has been well-documented. Although third-generation immunoassays have improved accuracy, limitations persist (interfering anti-Tg antibodies and measurement variability). Evolving treatment strategies require a reevaluation of Tg thresholds for optimal patient management.

Advanced medullary thyroid carcinoma uncovered by persistently elevated procalcitonin in a patient with COVID-19.

Summary: We report the case of an 88-year-old man hospitalized for COVID-19 with persistently very high procalcitonin (proCt) levels despite infection resolution. Since proCt is an adjunct tumor marker in the diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), serum calcitonin (Ct) was also measured showing very high levels. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed the presence of a thyroid mass and neck ultrasound revealed a solid isoechoic, inhomogeneous, 50 mm nodule in the right thyroid lobe, extended into the mediastinum.

Screening of hypercortisolism among patients with hypertension: an Italian nationwide survey.

Purpose: Screening of Cushing Syndrome (CS) and Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion (MACS) in hypertensive patients is crucial for proper treatment. The aim of the study was to investigate screening and management of hypercortisolism among patients with hypertension in Italy.

Methods: A 10 item-questionnaire was delivered to referral centres of European and Italian Society of Hypertension (ESH and SIIA) in a nationwide survey.

Oral Semaglutide in Routine Clinical Practice: Characteristics of People with Type 2 Diabetes Started on the Drug and Changes in Their Clinical Parameters after 24 Weeks of Treatment.

: Semaglutide is the unique once-daily oral glucagon-like receptor agonist presently available. Aims of this study were to describe clinical characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) initiating oral semaglutide, to assess its effects on glycemic control, body weight (BW) and its tolerability in routine clinical practice. : Electronic medical records from two Italian diabetes clinics were evaluated.

Promising Role of Alkaloids in the Prevention and Treatment of Thyroid Cancer and Autoimmune Thyroid Disease: A Comprehensive Review of the Current Evidence.

Thyroid cancer (TC) and thyroid autoimmune disorders (AITD) are among the most common diseases in the general population, with higher incidence in women. Chronic inflammation and autoimmunity play a pivotal role in carcinogenesis. Some studies, indeed, have pointed out the presence of AITD as a risk factor for TC, although this issue remains controversial.

Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion (MACS) - Related Osteoporosis.

Mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS) has thus far been associated with several comorbidities, among which osteoporosis and fractures appear to be highly prevalent. Recent guidelines for adrenal incidentalomas have updated the definition of MACS, currently formulated on serum cortisol after a 1-mg dexamethasone test above 1.8 µg/dL or 50 nmol/L.

Sex-driven factors associated with anxiety and depression in autoimmune diabetes.

Aim: To analyze the prevalence of anxiety and depression in a large cohort of adults with autoimmune diabetes, identifying sex-driven associated factors.

Materials And Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 553 consecutive adults with Type 1 diabetes mellitus or latent autoimmune diabetes in adults who came to the Division of Endocrinology of the S.Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, Bologna (Italy), to receive their second dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.

Monitoring adrenal insufficiency through salivary steroids: a pilot study.

Background: Various glucocorticoid replacement therapies (GRTs) are available for adrenal insufficiency (AI). However, their effectiveness in restoring glucocorticoid rhythm and exposure lacks adequate biochemical markers. We described the diurnal salivary cortisol (SalF) and cortisone (SalE) rhythm among different GRTs and analysed the associations between saliva-derived parameters and life quality questionnaires.

Artificial intelligence in endocrinology: a comprehensive review.

Background And Aim: Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising technology in the field of endocrinology, offering significant potential to revolutionize the diagnosis, treatment, and management of endocrine disorders. This comprehensive review aims to provide a concise overview of the current landscape of AI applications in endocrinology and metabolism, focusing on the fundamental concepts of AI, including machine learning algorithms and deep learning models.

Methods: The review explores various areas of endocrinology where AI has demonstrated its value, encompassing screening and diagnosis, risk prediction, translational research, and "pre-emptive medicine".

New Findings on Presentation and Outcome of Patients With Adrenocortical Cancer: Results From a National Cohort Study.

Context: Because of the rarity of adrenocortical cancer (ACC), only a few population-based studies are available, and they reported limited details in the characterization of patients and their treatment.

Objective: To describe in a nationwide cohort the presentation of patients with ACC, treatment strategies, and potential prognostic factors.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 512 patients with ACC, diagnosed in 12 referral centers in Italy from January 1990 to June 2018.

Mild autonomous cortisol secretion in adrenal incidentalomas and risk of fragility fractures: a large cross-sectional study.

Objective: Mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS) has been associated with a higher prevalence of osteoporosis, although most data rely on single-center studies with limited sample size. We aimed to assess the prevalence of fragility fractures and contributing factors in a large cohort of patients with adrenal incidentalomas.

Design And Methods: Medical records of 1023 patients with adrenal incidentalomas from 1990 to 2019 were reviewed, and 735 patients were selected.

Sleep quality and sex-related factors in adult patients with immune-mediated diabetes: a large cross-sectional study.

Aim: To analyze sleep quality and its relationships with clinical and biochemical features in a large cohort of adults with autoimmune diabetes.

Methods: We administered to 553 patients with autoimmune diabetes the questionnaires: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), diabetes distress scale, diabetes-related quality of life and diabetes treatment satisfaction questionnaire. We excluded patients with missing HbA1c ± 4 months from PSQI administration or incorrect PSQI compilation (n = 110).

International multicenter survey on screening and confirmatory testing in primary aldosteronism.

Objective: Primary aldosteronism (PA) is one of the most frequent causes of secondary hypertension. Although clinical practice guidelines recommend a diagnostic process, details of the steps remain incompletely standardized.

Design: In the present SCOT-PA survey, we have investigated the diversity of approaches utilized for each diagnostic step in different expert centers through a survey using Google questionnaires.

Adrenal Insufficiency with Anticancer Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Targeting Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor: Analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System.

: We described clinical features of adrenal insufficiency (AI) reported with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) in the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). : Reports of AI recorded in FAERS (January 2004-March 2022) were identified through the high-level term "adrenal cortical hypofunctions". Demographic and clinical features were inspected, and disproportionality signals were detected through the Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR) and Information Component (IC) with relevant 95% confidence/credibility interval (CI), using different comparators and adjusting the ROR for co-reported corticosteroids and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

Serum TSH and Daily Physical Activity in a Cohort of Nonagenarians: Results from the Mugello Study.

Background: The current literature does not furnish clear data concerning the relationship between thyroid function, sedentary time and daily physical activity (PA) in older adults with euthyroid condition. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of serum Thyrotropin-Stimulating Hormone (TSH), free Triiodothyronine (fT3) and free Thyroxine (fT4) with sedentary time and PA in a cohort of nonagenarians.

Methods: A total of 108 nonagenarians (92.