Influence of Growth, Maturation, and Sex on Maximal Power, Force, and Velocity During Overground Sprinting.

Sudlow, A, Galantine, P, Del Sordo, G, Raymond, J-J, Dalleau, G, Peyrot, N, and Duché, P. Influence of growth, maturation, and sex on maximal power, force, and velocity during overground sprinting. J Strength Cond Res 38(3): 491-500, 2024-In pediatric populations maximal anaerobic power, force, and velocity capabilities are influenced by changes in body dimensions and muscle function.

Influence of aging on the control of the whole-body angular momentum during volitional stepping: An UCM-based analysis.

Evidence suggests that whole-body angular momentum (WBAM) is a highly controlled mechanical variable for performing our daily motor activities safely and efficiently. Recent findings have revealed that, compared to young adults, older adults exhibit larger range of WBAM during various motor tasks, such as walking and stepping. However, it remains unclear whether these age-related changes are ascribed to a poorer control of WBAM with age or not.

Mechanisms underlying altered neuromuscular function in people with DPN.

Diabetes alters numerous physiological functions and can lead to disastrous consequences in the long term. Neuromuscular function is particularly affected and is impacted early, offering an opportunity to detect the onset of diabetes-related dysfunctions and follow the advancement of the disease. The role of physical training for counteracting the deleterious effects of diabetes is well accepted but at the same time, it appears difficult to reliably assess the effects of exercise on functional capacity in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).

Force-velocity profile in sprinting: sex effect.

The ability to produce muscle power during sprint acceleration is a major determinant of physical performance. The comparison of the force-velocity (F-v: theoretical maximal force, F; velocity, v and maximal power output, P) profile between men and women has attracted little attention. Most studies of sex differences have failed to apply a scaling ratio when reporting data.

Rehabilitation program combining physical exercise and heart rate variability biofeedback in hematologic patients: a feasibility study.

Purpose: Hematologic patients have a poorer health-related quality of life due to the disease and its treatments. Non-pharmacological interventions represent an opportunity in tertiary cancer prevention to manage persistent symptoms and support patients in their return to active daily living. This interventional study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a program combining physical exercise (PE) and heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB) in hematologic patients.

Segmental contribution to whole-body angular momentum during stepping in healthy young and old adults.

Recent evidence suggests that during volitional stepping older adults control whole-body angular momentum (H) less effectively than younger adults, which may impose a greater challenge for balance control during this task in the elderly. This study investigated the influence of aging on the segment angular momenta and their contributions to H during stepping. Eighteen old and 15 young healthy adults were instructed to perform a series of stepping at two speed conditions: preferred and as fast as possible.

Heart rate variability biofeedback in chronic disease management: A systematic review.

Background: Heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB) is a non-pharmacological intervention used in the management of chronic diseases.

Method: A systematic search was performed according to eligibility criteria including adult chronic patients, HRVB as main treatment with or without control conditions, and psychophysiological outcomes as dependent variables.

Results: In total, 29 articles were included.

Effect of increasing speed on whole-body angular momentum during stepping in the elderly.

Recent evidence suggests that older adults may have difficulty controlling whole-body angular momentum (H) during volitional stepping, which could impose a major challenge for balance control and result in potential falls. However, it is not known if and how H is influenced by speed when stepping. This study aimed to investigate the effect on H of increasing speed during step initiation in older adults.

How to improve the muscle synergy analysis methodology?

Muscle synergy analysis is increasingly used in domains such as neurosciences, robotics, rehabilitation or sport sciences to analyze and better understand motor coordination. The analysis uses dimensionality reduction techniques to identify regularities in spatial, temporal or spatio-temporal patterns of multiple muscle activation. Recent studies have pointed out variability in outcomes associated with the different methodological options available and there was a need to clarify several aspects of the analysis methodology.

The importance of sleep and physical activity on well-being during COVID-19 lockdown: reunion island as a case study.

Background: Lockdown has been one of the major worldwide strategies to control the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Its consequences on the well-being of individuals needs to be better understood. The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of lockdown on the well-being of a general population and the factors associated with this potential impairment of well-being in a population that has been only lightly affected by COVID-19 such as in Reunion island, an overseas French department.

Obesity-related alterations in anticipatory postural mechanisms associated with gait initiation.

Obesity is known to have a detrimental effect on balance and motor performance during daily motor tasks. However, it remains unclear whether these obesity-related impairments are due to deficient anticipatory postural adjustments (APA) that precede voluntary movement. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of obesity on APA and the impacts related on motor performance and mediolateral postural stability during gait initiation.

Adapted physical activity and cardiac coherence in hematologic patients (APACCHE): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Hematologic malignancies and their treatments are recognized for their significant long-term adverse effects on health-related quality of life. As a part of cancer treatment, physical exercise is known to improve physical functioning, but there are still questions regarding its impact on psychological and emotional functioning. Nonetheless, heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB) is recognized for its positive effects on autonomic nervous system balance and emotional self-regulation.

Estimating energy expenditure from accelerometer data in healthy adults and patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop specific prediction equations based on acceleration data measured at three body sites for estimating energy expenditure (EE) during static and active conditions in middle-aged and older adults with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Research Methods: Forty patients with T2D (age: 40-74 yr, body mass index (BMI): 21-29.4 kg·m) and healthy participants (age: 47-79 yr, BMI: 20.

Age-related changes in the control of whole-body angular momentum during stepping.

Background: Appropriate control of whole-body angular momentum (H) is crucial to maintain dynamic balance and thus avoid falling during daily activities. Poor H control ability during locomotion has been found in people with an increased risk of falling, such as post-stroke patients and amputees. In contrast, little is known about the control of H during locomotion in the elderly.

Accelerometry-based method for assessing energy expenditure in patients with diabetes during walking.

Background: Monitoring activity-related energy expenditure (EE) is essential in the management of daily activity and the dietary programme in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and must be estimated accurately. Accelerometry-based equations have frequently used to estimate EE, although the validity of these methods has not been confirmed in patients with T2D. The present study aimed to test the validity of an accelerometry-based method (Bouten's method) to assess EE during walking in patients with T2D.

Shoulder loading reliability in seated able-bodied subjects.

Shoulder performance and sensorimotor control assessments help to identify shoulder instabilities and document the rehabilitation progress. Testing seated subjects in a position of hand prehension requires less controlled adjustments to maintain body balance in a clinically relevant situation. The objective of this work was to determine the test-retest repeatability of a novel shoulder stability test in seated subjects with the ipsi-lateral hand in prehension during four arm loading conditions.

Effect of type 2 diabetes on energy cost and preferred speed of walking.

Purpose: Although walking is the most commonly recommended activity for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), these patients walk daily less than their healthy peers and adopt a lower self-selected speed. It has been suggested that gait alterations observed in this population could be responsible for a higher metabolic rate (MR) during walking. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare relationship between MR, the energy cost of walking per unit of distance (Cw) and self-selected walking speed in T2D patients and healthy individuals.

Influence of gait speed on free vertical moment during walking.

Free vertical moment (FVM) of ground reaction is recognized to be a meaningful indicator of torsional stress on the lower limbs when walking. The purpose of this study was to examine whether and how gait speed influences the FVM when walking. Fourteen young healthy adults performed a series of overground walking trials at three different speeds: low, preferred and fast.

Validation of a method for estimating energy expenditure during walking in middle-aged adults.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to test the validity of a method using an inertial measurement unit for estimating activity-related energy expenditure (AEE) during walking in middle-aged adults.

Methods: Twenty healthy middle-aged participants completed different treadmill walking trials with an inertial measurement unit adhered to their lower back. Gas exchange was monitored with indirect calorimetry.

Effects of Changing Body Weight Distribution on Mediolateral Stability Control during Gait Initiation.

During gait initiation, anticipatory postural adjustments (APA) precede the execution of the first step. It is generally acknowledged that these APA contribute to forward progression but also serve to stabilize the whole body in the mediolateral direction during step execution. Although previous studies have shown that changes in the distribution of body weight between both legs influence motor performance during gait initiation, it is not known whether and how such changes affect a person's postural stability during this task.

Energy Expenditure in People with Diabetes Mellitus: A Review.

Physical activity (PA) is an important non-therapeutic tool in primary prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). To improve activity-based health management, patients need to quantify activity-related energy expenditure and the other components of total daily energy expenditure. This review explores differences between the components of total energy expenditure in patients with DM and healthy people and presents various tools for assessing the energy expenditure in subjects with DM.

Individualized Exercise Training at Maximal Fat Oxidation Combined with Fruit and Vegetable-Rich Diet in Overweight or Obese Women: The LIPOXmax-Réunion Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objectives: Lifestyle combined interventions are a key strategy for preventing type-2 diabetes (T2DM) in overweight or obese subjects. In this framework, LIPOXmax individualized training, based on maximal fat oxidation [MFO], may be a promising intervention to promote fat mass (FM) reduction and prevent T2DM. Our primary objective was to compare three training programs of physical activity combined with a fruit- and vegetable-rich diet in reducing FM in overweight or obese women.

Influence of gait speed on the control of mediolateral dynamic stability during gait initiation.

This study investigated the influence of gait speed on the control of mediolateral dynamic stability during gait initiation. Thirteen healthy young adults initiated gait at three self-selected speeds: Slow, Normal and Fast. The results indicated that the duration of anticipatory postural adjustments (APA) decreased from Slow to Fast, i.

Pelvic morphology, body posture and standing balance characteristics of adolescent able-bodied and idiopathic scoliosis girls.

The purpose of this study was to determine how pelvic morphology, body posture, and standing balance variables of scoliotic girls differ from those of able-bodied girls, and to classify neuro-biomechanical variables in terms of a lower number of unobserved variables. Twenty-eight scoliotic and twenty-five non-scoliotic able-bodied girls participated in this study. 3D coordinates of ten anatomic body landmarks were used to describe pelvic morphology and trunk posture using a Flock of Birds system.

Head and trunk mass and center of mass position estimations in able-bodied and scoliotic girls.

Anthropometric tables are not applicable to calculate the scoliotic trunk mass and center of mass (COM). The purposes of this study were: (1) to estimate the head and trunk mass and COM in able-bodied and scoliotic girls using a force plate method, (2) to estimate head and trunk COM offset compared to those of the body, and (3) the use of mean ratios to estimate the head and trunk COM calculated in this study and that calculated according to a conventional three-dimensional (3D) method compared to the measured values. Twenty-one scoliotic and twenty able-bodied girls participated.